Saying who receives the action: ‘lo’ and ‘la’ in object-first sentences��PART 2: OVS (Object-Verb-Subject) order �with an overt subject but object pronoun only �e.g. lo llama la mujer)
Nick Avery and Emma Marsden
Saying who receives the action (part 2):�‘lo’ and ‘la’ in object-first sentences
In English, we can use words like ‘him’, ‘her, and ‘it’(pronouns) to avoid repeating nouns.
Which sentence sounds more normal?
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Spanish also has such words!
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Rachel Hawkes
Saying who receives the action (part 2):�‘lo’ and ‘la’ in object-first sentences
If the object is masculine, use ‘lo’:
La mujer llama al hombre.
Lo llama la mujer.�
If the object is feminine, use ‘la’:
El hombre llama a la mujer.
La llama el hombre.
Notice that, unlike in English, the pronoun normally goes before the verb.
You have already seen that, in Spanish, the object can come first.�E.g., Al hombre lo llama la mujer. �
🡪 The man calls her.
🡪 The man calls the woman.
🡪 The woman calls the man.
🡪 The woman calls him.
This can be confusing because ‘la’ means ‘the’ when it comes before a noun.
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
(literally, ‘Him calls the woman.’)
(literally, ‘Her calls the man.’)
🡪 The woman calls the man.
🡪 The woman calls him.
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
Saying who receives the action (part 2):�‘lo’ and ‘la’ in object-first sentences
Remember that all nouns have gender in Spanish:
Use ‘lo’ to mean ‘it’ if the object is masculine:
La mujer hace el examen.
Lo hace la mujer.
Use ‘la’ to mean ‘it’ if the object is feminine:
El hombre hace la carta.
La hace el hombre.
🡪 The man makes it.
🡪 The man makes the card.
🡪 The woman does the exam.
🡪 The woman does it.
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
The president has a personal assistant at the White House.
Read the following sentences to find out about their Mondays.
El presidente y el asistente
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
| |
1 | El presidente observa al asistente. |
2 | Lo escucha el asistente. |
3 | El presidente saluda al asistente. |
4 | Lo ayuda el presidente. |
5 | Lo llama el asistente. |
6 | El asistente sigue al presidente. |
7 | Lo saca de la oficina el asistente. |
8 | El presidente despierta al asistente. |
9 | Lo lleva a una reunion el presidente. |
10 | El asistente contacta al presidente. |
| True | False |
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The president observes the assistant.
Los lunes
The assistant listens to the president.
The assistant greets the president.
The assistant helps the president.
The assistant calls the president.
The president follows the assistant.
The assistant takes the president out of the office.
The president wakes the assistant up.
The president takes the assistant to a meeting.
The president contacts the assistant.
leer
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
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Rachel Hawkes
Now listen to what they do on Fridays.��Who does what?
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
| The president does it | The assistant does it |
1. watch the other person | | |
2. listen to the other person | | |
3. greet the other person | | |
4. help the other person | | |
5. call the other person | | |
6. follow the other person | | |
7. take the other out of office | | |
8. wake up the other person | | |
9. contact the other person | | |
10. take the other to a meeting | | |
escuchar
Los viernes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
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Rachel Hawkes
Monty is no ordinary dog!
�He is María’s best four-legged friend.
Read the sentences about things they do on Mondays.
Then decide if each statement is true or false.
leer
Monty and María
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
| |
1 | |
2 | |
3 | |
4 | |
5 | |
6 | |
7 | |
8 | |
9 | |
10 | |
| True | False | Is this normal? |
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La lleva al parque.
La lava.
La despierta.
Lo observa cuando duerme.
Lo saca de la casa.
La lleva al colegio.
Lo saluda.
Lo sigue a la cocina.
La besa.
La observa atentamente.
leer
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
He takes her to the park.
She washes him.
She greets him.
He watches her as she sleeps.
She takes him out of the house.
He takes her to school.
He wakes her up.
He follows her to the kitchen.
He kisses her.
She watches him closely.
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Rachel Hawkes
Now listen to what they do on Thursdays.
Decide which picture matches the sentence.
escuchar
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
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Rachel Hawkes
A las seis de la mañana…
escuchar
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
A
B
¿Esto es normal? |
escuchar
1
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
A
B
escuchar
2
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
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Rachel Hawkes
A
B
escuchar
3
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
A
B
escuchar
4
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
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Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
5
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
A
B
¿Esto es normal? |
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Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
A
B
6
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
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Rachel Hawkes
Más tarde, María llega a casa…
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
7
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
A
B
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
8
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
B
A
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
9
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
B
A
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
10
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
¿Esto es normal? |
A
B
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Rachel Hawkes
What about non-school days?
Listen to each sentence.
Write down what is happening in English.
escuchar
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
1
2
3
4
5
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
1
3
4
2
5
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
escuchar
6
7
8
9
10
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
6
7
9
10
8
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
hablar / escuchar
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Now tell the story yourself!
Student A:�Use the prompt cards to tell the story (in order, from 1-10).�
Student B:�Listen and take notes – what is the sequence of events?
Then compare the notes and pictures
Be careful! It isn’t in the same order as before.
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
Need help?
Verbs
hablar / escuchar
Nouns
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes
Now create your own story!
Choose ten pictures. Each must have a different action.
Write a sentence for each one.
Choose your sequence of events!
escribir
Nick Avery / Emma Marsden
Material licensed as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0�
Rachel Hawkes