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1977

Director: Michael Cacoyannis (1922-2011)

Irene Papas: Clytemenestra

Kostas Kazakos: Agamemnon

Tatiana Papamoschou: Iphigenia

*

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Ἰφιγένεια

  • Oldest daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra
  • Film based on Iphigenia at Aulis by Euripides
  • Different fate in different versions: sacrificed, exchanged for a deer, taken by Artemis as a priestess
  • Μίασμα & House of Atreus: Tantalus, Pelops, Atreus, Thyestes, Agamemnon, Menelaus

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Why Tragedy?

  • κάθαρσις (catharsis)- the purification and purgation of emotions—especially pity and fear—through art or to any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration
    • internalize emotion from images as words
    • experience the emotion; don’t escape it
  • Social Commentary
  • City Dionysia
    • communal catharsis
  • Cautionary Tales

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Ancient Context

  • Euripides (480-406 BCE)
    • 92-95 plays, 18/19 survive complete
    • competed in City Dionysia in 455, won in 441
    • won 5 times
    • won for Iphigenia at Aulis posthumously
  • Iphigenia at Aulis - last play of Euripides
  • Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)
    • Athens vs. Sparta
    • democracy vs. oligarchy
    • plague
    • 30 Tyrants

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Modern Context

  • World War II
    • famine
    • rise of factional armies
  • Civil War (1946-1949)
    • 100,000 killed
    • economic collapse
    • forcible relocations
  • Military Junta (1967-1974)
    • Regime of the Colonels
    • martial law
    • torture
    • suppression of culture
  • Invasion of Cyprus (1974)

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Film as Text

  • Perspective
  • Symbolism
  • Anachronism
  • Role of the army
  • Pluralism
    • character motivation
    • fate of Iphigenia

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Themes

  • nationalism
  • sacrifice
  • responsibility of power
  • family vs. state
  • state vs. religion

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Look For:

  • motion & stillness
  • how the prophecy changes from Calchas to Odysseus (added by Cacoyannis…why?)
  • helmets as masks (which self?)
  • contrasts
  • eyes

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Debrief

  • Sacrifice as Test?
  • End of the Heroic Age
  • End of direct divine interference