Apartheid-Apart-ness
46 Years in 90 seconds...
Think about the EQ: How does conflict cause change?
Reflect and respond after watching the clip on how the EQ relates in South Africa.
Everybody’s Favorite: Background Notes!!!!
Early History
-Apartheid is the Afrikaans word for “apartness”. It was first used in the 1930’s, however the customs it represents of black Africans and white Africans (of Dutch or English descent) living separately was practiced for hundreds of years.
Apartheid Becomes Law
-In 1948 the Afrikaner Nationalist Party came to power and systematized (big word alert-make sure you listen to your teacher to find out what it means) into law.
Some important laws of Apartheid
1949-Prohibition of mixed marriages act-had to marry within your racial group.
1950-POPULATION REGISTRATION ACT-All S. Africans must register in one of three racial categories---- 1-Bantu (black African)
2-White
3-Coloured (mixed race)
later, a fourth category was added-4-Asians (Indians and Pakistanis)
1950-Group Areas Act-races had to live in assigned areas and have their businesses in assigned areas.
1954, 1955 Land Acts-non-whites were restricted to certain areas.
1953-Reservation of Separate Amenities Act-different races had to use different public amenities-water fountains, restrooms, etc.
1953-Bantu Education Act-a series of laws passed limiting the amount and quality of education for black Africans.
1956-Mines and Work Act-races segregated in employment.
1958-Promotion of Black Self- Government Act-established 10 Black ‘homelands” to be run by tribal organizations. Later in 1970, All black Africans were required to live in their registered “homeland” and the organizations who ran these were puppets for the Afrikaner government.
1971-Black Homeland Citizenship Act-all Africans registered in a homeland were no longer citizens of South Africa (now they couldn’t vote, or have any other rights).
1974-Afrikaans Medium Decree-all schools must use the Afrikaans language to teach all subjects. They can no longer use their native languages.
CHANGE, CHANGE, CHANGE
March 21, 1960 20,000 black people go to the town of Sharpeville to march against identity cards.
Police open fire on the crowd and kill 69 people and injure 180. Police defended their actions
by saying that the crowd had thrown rocks at their cars so “they had to learn their lesson the
hard way.” This became known as the Sharpeville Massacre.
-After Sharpeville-the African National Congress(ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress(PAC) were banned. These were the two main black African political parties.
-The United Nations passed a resolution in November, 1962 condemning Apartheid and called for all members to stop military and economic relations with South Africa.
-1961-South Africa forced to withdraw from the British Commonwealth because of Apartheid.
-1964-Nelson Mandela, head of ANC, sentenced to life in prison.
-1970’s and 80’s-the world is becoming more and more aware of Apartheid and its inhumanness and slowly ties with South Africa continue to be severed.
1989-New President F.W. de Klerk brought about many changes to begin dismantling Apartheid, including legalizing black political parties and the release of imprisoned black leaders.
THE END
1994-the country’s constitution is rewritten and free elections are held for all South Africans for the first time in its history. Nelson Mandela was elected president!!!
Work Session
Create this chart: #7-Apartheid Chart
Use this sheet to complete chart:Apartheid Laws
Some cool sites to explore more: