Summer AP U.S. History

Taught By: Christina Xi

APUSH at BHS:

Taught by: Ms. White

• Really enjoyed this class (except for the nightly readings)
• Quizzes mostly multiple choice
• Do your readings and notes
• Know your specifics
• You will have a quiz in the 1st week :)
• A LOT of content, but you will be very prepared by the end

Exam Overview:

• 55 multiple-choice in 55 min, 40% of exam
• 3 three-part short answers in 40 min, 20%
• 1 DBQ in 60 min, 25%
• 1 long essay in 40 min, 15%

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• If there is time, I plan to have a class focused on the short/long answer Q’s
• We’ll go fast, but will only be able to cover a fraction of what you need to know

Period 1: 1491-1607

• Columbian Exchange(1492)

- transfers of plants, animals, germs, 90% natives were killed(disease ex. smallpox)

- Conquistadores(16th century):

- Spanish, such as Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizarro

- Sent gold back to Spain, making Spain the most rich/powerful at the time

Period 1(1491-1607):

• Encomienda System: Spain granted land and native people to Spaniards, natives farmed in exchange for “care”

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• Differences between French, British, Spanish�- British came in families, Northeast, relationship w/ natives slowly deteriorated

- French came as single men, North/Canada, treated natives as equals

- Spanish came as single men in search for wealth, more South, enslaved natives

Period 2(1607-1754):

• Jamestown(1607); wasn’t successful, had a period of success with tobacco but was eventually turned into a royal colony

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• Jamestown was funded by joint-stock companies: people invested in new colony
• To encourage settlers to go to North America, Headright system:
• 50 acres of land would be granted to settlers who came to Americas/to people who paid for others’ passage to the Americas(they needed people to come settle as there was a labor shortage)

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• 3 types of colonies: royal, proprietary, and charter

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House of Burgesses(1618):

• Virginia colony
• First English representative government in America: established a precedent!
• Followed De-facto federalism; later representative governments will do the same
• De-facto federalism:

Power flow: British royal government -> appointed governor in a colony -> upper house(also appointed by royal government) -> lower house(to keep the Americans happy)

Pilgrims vs. Puritans

• Pilgrims(1620), Plymouth colony, separatists; Mayflower compact: rudimentary constitution

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• Puritans(1630), Massachusetts Bay Colony, NON-separatists
• Very strict society governed by the church, eventually created halfway covenant because there weren’t enough people in the church
• Halfway covenant: people are partial church members even without profound conversion experience -> weakened strict practices

Conflicts with natives:

• Metacom/King Philip’s War- 1675, caused by colonists taking more and more land, Wampanoags and other New England tribes
• Natives lost, end of any Indian opposition in the Northeast

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• Bacon’s Rebellion(1676):
• Virginia colony pushing West, made natives angry so they attacked
• Government refused to protect the frontier settling citizens(too costly) so they got mad
• Also banned them from the lucrative fur trade, which was limited to the governors close confidants
• Bacon led a rebellion and set fire to Jamestown

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• This highlighted class differences, set a precedent for rising up against government!
• PRECEDENTS

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Salem Witch Trials(1692)

• 19 people executed

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• People accused of witchcraft, later proven to be false

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• Led to fall of Puritan power

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• Also led to distrust in government

British Policy

• Mercantilism: the act of establishing colonies to produce raw materials, what Britain’s goal with the colonies was
• Salutary neglect: basically, British didn’t do anything to try to control the colonies(this would change later)
• Navigation Acts(you don’t need to know specifically what it was): Britain tried to establish authority over the colonies but didn’t enforce it cuz salutary neglect

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Zenger Trial(1735)

• Zenger published bad truths about the governor of NY in his newspaper

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• Governor took him to court but Zenger won :)

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• Truth is not defamation, freedom of press

First Great Awakening 1730s-40s(yes there is a 2nd)

• A series of religious revivals across the colonies(not united yet)
• Dramatic sermons, people were crying and all that
• Idea was that God was the only thing keeping people from hell, spider dangling on a string
• George Whitefield: an extremely charismatic preacher, helped fuel revivals

End!

That brings us to the end of period 2, there is a total of 9 periods :)

Thanks for coming!