Computing Evolution

Where did we start and how did we arrive here ?

Chapter - 1

M.Tech Regular, 2nd Sem

What is Computing ?

Cloud Computing

Different Users - Different Perspectives

Cloud Definition - Twitter Poll Results

Introduction : Business and IT perspective, Cloud and virtualization, Cloud services requirements, cloud and dynamic infrastructure, cloud computing characteristics, cloud adoption.

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1.1 Business and IT Perspective

The impressive success of companies such as

Google, Facebook with the use of Cloud Computing has made companies to think towards making similar services and user experience to their users - employees, partners and customers.

1.1 Business and IT Perspective

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Delivering IT -enabled services

via internet, that are built for the

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end-users to be in control is

what has come to be called as "Cloud Computing". Ex: Gmail.

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Self-Service is an important characteristic of Cloud Computing.

Ex -1: Bank ATM -

2- PNR Status Check in Railway Stations.

Self Service - Illustration

1.1 Business and IT Perspective

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Cloud Computing is an emerging consumption and delivery model

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that enables provisioning of standardised business and computing services through a shared infrastructure, where-in end user is enabled to control the interaction in-order to accomplish the business task.

1.1 Business and IT Perspective

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Computing resources such as hardware , software

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networks - ,storage,

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services

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and interfaces are no longer confined within the four walls of the enterprise.

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1.1 Business and IT Perspective

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Essentially everything needed from a computing

resources perspective is provisioned by the cloud ,

much like electrical power grid -

1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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• Virtualization has a longer history of more than 30 years.

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• Virtualization is the

foundation for all that is

possible through cloud -

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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Scalability -

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, Automation -

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, Standardised services -

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, are possible only because of

underlying Virtualization.

1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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• Cloud Computing promises :

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self-service -

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self-provisioning -

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rapid provisioning

(web-based - takes minutes) -

• To be able to realise these in practise virtualization must be implemented.

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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• Virtualization gives rise to cost savings -

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and improve services -

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

Results of Virtualization: (text book pg 8-9)

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• Server/Storage - pooled

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• Automation using self -service portal

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• Standardization thorough catalogue

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

Results of Virtualization: (text book pg 8-9)

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• Server/Storage - IT resources such as storage, network, application are pooled

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to enable elastic scaling -

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

Results of Virtualization: (text book pg 8-9)

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• Automation using self -service portal

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1.2 Cloud and Virtualization

Results of Virtualization: (text book pg 8-9)

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• Standardization thorough catalogue -

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Catalogue

1.3 Cloud Service Requirements

1. A proven service management system to provide visibility, control and automation across IT.

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• Services to help accelerate standardization, rapid client payback on investment.

1.4 Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure

Cloud Computing is Dynamic in Nature

• It allows clients to access standardised IT resources to deploy new applications, services or computing resources -

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rapidly without reengineering their entire infrastructure, thus making it dynamic.

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1.3 Cloud Service Requirements

Cloud Dynamic Infrastructure provides the following features:

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1. Service Management

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• Asset Management

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• Virtualization and Consolidation

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• Information Infrastructure

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• Energy Efficiency

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• Security

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• Resilience

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Cloud Computing Characteristics - Primary

• Cloud computing uses commodity based hardware as its base - replace h/w without affecting the cloud.

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• It uses commodity based software container system - Ex: service should

be able to be moved from one

cloud provider to any other cloud

provider with no effect on the

service.

1.5 Cloud Computing Characteristics - Secondary

• Virtualization
• Abstraction layer for h/w, s/w and configuration systems
• Multi-tenant system

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• Pay as you go with no-lock in
• Privacy and Security of Data
• Flexible migration and restart capabilities
• Autonomic Computing - Automated restarts, automated resource expansion and contraction
• Dynamic Scaling - Horizontal / Vertical

Cloud Computing - Essential Characteristics

Cloud Computing - Essential Characteristics

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1.6 Cloud Adoption

Business function that suits cloud adoption can be low-priority business applications :

1. Business intelligence against large database

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• Partner facing project sites

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• Low priority services

1.6 Cloud Adoption - cntd

1. Cloud favours traditional web applications and interactive applications that comprise two or more data sources and services

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• services with low availability requirements and short life spans
1. Enterprise marketing campaigns need quick delivery of services and can just be quickly be switched off.

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1.6 Cloud Adoption - Cntd

1. Helpful for high volume, low cost analytics and disaster recovery scenarios, business continuity, backup/recovery-based implementation.

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• One time batch processing with limited security requirements

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• Record retention

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1.6 Cloud Adoption - Cntd

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• Media distribution

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• Mature packaged offerings - email

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• Collaboration infrastructure and collaborative business networks

1.6 Cloud Adoption - cntd (based on technical characteristics)

1. Applications that are modular and loosely coupled
2. Isolated workloads
3. Single Virtual Appliance Workload
4. Software Development and Testing
5. Pre-Production Systems
6. R & D Projects
7. Prototyping to test new services and applications
8. Design models and applications that scale horizontally on small servers

1.6 Cloud Adoption - cntd

1. Applications that need significantly different levels of infrastructure throughout the day

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• Applications that are used solely during business day
• Applications with seasonal demand
• Applications that need different levels of infrastructure throughout the month

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1.6 Cloud Adoption - cntd

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Applications where demand is unknown in advance - web start -up will need to support a spike in demand when it becomes popular, followed by reduction once some of visitors turn away.

Cloud Adoption - Not Suitable

1. Mission critical and core business applications, transaction processing and application that depend on sensitive data normally restricted to organization requiring high level of accountability and auditability

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• Applications that run 24/7/365 with steady demand

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Cloud Adoption - Not Suitable

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• Applications that consume significant amount of memory, that demand large memory cache, database, data-sets

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• Applications that take full advantages of multiple cores - parallel processing - that benefit from many cores on a single server are not good for cloud deployment.

Cloud Adoption - Not Suitable - cntd

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1. Applications that require high -performance file system I/O , needing bandwidth, inter-server communications - highly distributed applications,

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• Cloud does not work well with applications that scale vertically on single server, and applications dependent on third party software, which does not have virtualization or cloud aware licensing strategy.

Summary

Summary

Acknowledgements

1) Dr. Kumar Saurabh - Contents

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2) Prof. Ravindra Dastikop's Blog - http://cloudcomputing4postgraduates.blogspot.in/

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3) All images are from - Google Images Service