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DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

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What is Digital Image Processing?

Digital Image:

A representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels. f(x, y)

Where x, y are spatial coordinates

f(x, y) = i(x,y) * r(x,y)

�f(x, y): Intensity at given point (x, y)�i(x, y): Illumination at (x, y)�r(x, y): Reflectance/ Transmissivity at (x, y)

M XN representation of f

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Image Acquisition Process

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Pixel & Digitization

Pixels are the elements of a digital image that typically represent gray levels, colours, heights, opacities.

Digitization implies that a digital image is an approximation of a real scene in the numerical matrices form

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Digital Image

Common digital image formats include

  • 1 sample per point (B&W / Grayscale)
  • 3 samples per point ( Red, Green and Blue)
  • 4 samples per point (Red, Green, Blue and Alpha / opacity)

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What is Digital Image Processing?

Digital Image Processing:

Processing digital images by means of a computer.

An image processing operation typically defines a new image g in terms of an existing image f.

We can transform either the range of f.

Or the domain of f:

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Why Digital Image Processing?

- Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation

  • Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception

Where image processing ends, fields such as image analysis and computer vision start.

The continuum from image processing to computer vision is broken down into:

Low – Level:

Inputs and outputs are images

Ex: Noise Removal, Image Sharpening

Mid – Level:

Outputs are the attributes extracted from input images

Ex: Object Recognition, Image Segmentation

High – Level:

An ensemble of recognition of individual objects

Ex: Scene Understanding, Autonomous Navigation

For more details about each of the steps in the next set of slides refer this article:�https://medium.com/futframe-ai/fundamental-steps-of-digital-image-processing-d7518d6bb23c

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Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: IMAGE ACQUISITION �

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: IMAGE ENHANCEMENT �

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: IMAGE RESTORATION �

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: SEGMENTATION

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: OBJECT RECOGNITION

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: REPRESENTATION

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: COMPRESSION

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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KEY STAGES IN DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING: COLOUR PROCESSING

Image Acquisition

Image Restoration

Morphological Processing

Segmentation

Representation & Description

Image Enhancement

Object Recognition

Problem Domain

Colour Image Processing

Image Compression

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APPLICATIONS

  • Document Handling
  • Signature Verification
  • Biometric Verification
  • Object Recognition Research
  • Target Recognition
  • Interpretation of aerial photography
  • Autonomous Vehicle
  • Traffic Monitoring
  • Face Recognition and Tracking
  • Medical Applications -> Tumor detection
  • Image generations
  • Image styling

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THANK YOU�Banu Prakash