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ECLSS

Have Seeds Will Travel !

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Eman Refai Abdelkhaiq

Eman Gamal Mohammed

Hassna Hassan Desoky

Habiba Hussein

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HYBRID CEA SYSTEM

  • Hybrid controlled environment agriculture (CEA) system is depends on mixing between two systems the hydroponic and aeroponic systems.
  • Hydroponic system is considered of oxygenated water which supplied by nutrients and all minerals' plants may need
  • Aeroponic system is considered of air containing nutrients and minerals plants may need

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CHEMICAL REACTIONS

 

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LYOPHILIZATION/FREEZE DRYING

  • Why lyophilization/freeze drying?
    • While freeze drying can accomplish many things ,its primary goal is to protect the biological and chemical structure by removing water from the product , enhance the test of fruits, vegetables,meats and even coffee and to increase the product's shelf life.
  • Equipment requirements:
  • 1.Freeze dryer (vacuum tight chamber with collector coil)
  • 2.vacuum pump (that can reach ultimate vacuum of 0.020 mBar or lowe
  • 3. Tight sample holders ( flasks with adaptors or chamber with trays)

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DRYING MECHANISM

These stages are 3 stages

  • The first stage is pre freezing ( most important phase) :
    • In this stage, sample will need to be cooled to at least the temperature of melting point for that sample. This ensure the sample will be completely frozen and can under go sublimation.
  • Note : larger ice crystals facilitate fast and more efficient lyophilization because water molecules are able to move more water freely out during sublimation.
  • Second stage is primary drying (sublimation):
    • Primary drying begins when you start freeze dryer and vacuum pump, with the low-pressure environment evaporative cooling of sample begins, allowing for energy in form of heat to speed freeze-drying process. At the end of primary drying, roughly %93 of the water in the sample sublimate out. This stage could take several days depending on the sample type and heat input
  • Third stage is secondary drying ( desorption):
    • In the secondary drying phase, water molecules that are bound to the sample are resaled. Additional heat is added in this stage to drive off execess moisture leaving behind moisture content 2%. Secondary drying is typically used in samples that are being prepared for long term preservation and storage

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STORAGE

  • The mentioned mechanism is used for storage during the travel time on the space shuttle, but once we put our feeds on mars, we don't need to dry food anymore. Since when we look at mars, the first impression you got that mars is extremely hot but in the fact the weather in mars is very cold because the distance between it and the sun .So, we have to use this condition for our benefits in the storage process of food .The use of aluminum foil was the ideal choice for next reasons:

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  • 1. High thermal conductivity that allow us to benefit from the cold weather of mars
  • 2. Aluminum is the only material to have high reflectance to UV light ( in wavelength 250 to 400 nm)
  • 3. Aluminum foil is impervious to moisture, light, bacteria, germs and all gases .
  • 4. Easy of package and ability to adapt around any shape, make it the ideal choice.

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COST STRUCTURE

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Startup Costs

INR

Land

$60,000

Drying Unit

$350000- 55000

Chemical equipment

$7500

Land License

$4000

Chairs, stools, signage

$850

Total

$127350

Fixed Costs (for a month)

INR

Salary per employee

No. of employees

Salary

$14000

7000

2

Electricity

$5000

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Advertising

$5000

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Total

$24000

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Variable Costs (per unit)

Cost

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$227

K

$11.7

Ca

$3.52

Mg

$4.03

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$225

Fe

$3.34

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$9.09

Total

$483.68

Stream Revenue = -$3000 for the first 6 months, $90000 after