Phonics and �phonemic awareness

Lecture 1

EDU 5100

Dr. Peter Olson

Oral language and literacy

Birth and beyond:

Oral language

development in the home

and school.

Oral language

supports literacy

development

Literacy

development in school

and possibly at home

5 components of reading

• Phonemic Awareness
• Phonics
• Fluency
• Vocabulary
• Comprehension

Phonological and Phonemic Awareness

Phonological awareness – the ability to recognize and manipulate the sound units in spoken language, including syllables; onsets and rimes; and phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness-- Ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds (phonemes) in words

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Phonological and phonemic awareness can be practiced without any printed text

• Activities:
• Clapping syllables
• Rhyming
• Same beginning sound (phoneme)
• Dividing words in phonemic parts

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Some distinct consonant sounds (phonemes)

in English

Some distinct consonant sounds (phonemes)

in English

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Which consonants are not on this list and why?

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Creating sounds

• Notice the position of your mouth, lips, teeth and tongue when you say each sound in these words.

fat

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lat

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flat

Phonemes

• In relation to phonemes, what is one thing that is different between the words “flat” and “chat”.

fat

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lat

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flat

cat

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hat

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chat

Distinct consonant sounds (phonemes)

in English

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Can you think of six more distinct consonant sounds in English?

Distinct consonant sounds (phonemes)

in English

Phonics

• Phonics: Relationship between printed letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes)

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• Alphabetic principle: The concept that letters can represent the sounds in words.

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Consonants

• Single consonants
• Consonant Digraph—a set of two or more consonants that make one sound
• Consonant Blend—a set of two or more consonants that make more than one sound

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Examples of words beginning with:

Single

Consonant

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bed

do

man

pit

wax

yes

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Consonant

Digraph

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chat

phone

the

ship

know

gnat

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Consonant

Blend

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cry

star

blue

free

street

scrape

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Vowels

• Short vowels
• Cat, bed, win, hot, cup
• Long vowels: (They say their name)
• With silent-e: plate, cede, stride, vote, cute
• As vowel digraphs: pain, heat, fried, goat, suit
• As single vowels: Jason, be, hi, go, menu
• Other vowel types
• Diphthongs--Two vowels that glide from one to the other (boy, oil, cow, house)
• R-controlled vowels (her, fur, car, air, ear, for)
• Other vowels (foot, moon, fall, saw)

Examples of words with:

Short

vowels

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bad

pet

win

dot

nun

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Long

Vowels

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gate

seat

night

coat

tune

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Other vowel

clusters

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toy

now

crook

star

blew

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CVC & VC words

• C = consonant
• V = vowel

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• Usually, in CVC words, the vowel is a short vowel.
• Examples: cat, pen, hit, dog, cup

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• Usually, in VC words, the vowel is a short vowel.
• Examples: at, ex, in, on, up

Break

Dyslexia definition

• Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.
• These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction.
• Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. (IDA 2002)

Letter-sound one-to-one correspondence?

• In English phonics, there is NOT a consistent one-to-one correspondence between all letters and sounds.
• Example (many sounds for “c”)
• can
• center
• chip
• machine (or ocean)
• indict (silent)

Onsets and Rimes

• Onsets and rimes are parts of syllables.
• Onset
• The first consonant sound or group of consonant sounds at the beginning of the syllable.
• Rime
• The first vowel sound plus the rest of the syllable.

Onset and Rime practice

Onsets and Rimes

• For most students, dividing syllables into onsets and rimes is easier than dividing into individual phonemes.
• For most students, blending onsets and rimes is easier than blending several individual phonemes to form a syllable.

Phonological Awareness Activities�(In order of difficulty for most students)

Individual phoneme blending

• Blending individual phonemes
• c…a…t
• cat

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• With digraphs, make sure to group digraphs together when blending:
• ch…ai…n
• chain

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• With digraphs, DON’T do this:
• c…h…a…i…n
• chain

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Note: When using note cards to teach blending, it is helpful to write digraphs on the same card.

Blending activities

i

​

n

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Blending activities

p

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i

​

n

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Blending activities

w

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i

​

n

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Blending activities:�Put digraphs on one card

sh

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i

​

n

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Blending activities:�Changing middle vowel sounds

c

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a

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t

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Blending activities:�Changing middle vowel sounds

c

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u

​

t

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Blending activities:�Changing middle vowel sounds

c

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oa

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t

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Blending activities:�Words with more than 3 phonemes

b

​

n

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d

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a

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Blending activities:�Words with more than 3 phonemes

t

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n

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d

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a

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s

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Practice

• In a group, practice teaching blending.
• Write some individual letters and letter digraphs on note cards or on your computer.
• Practice teaching how to blend individual phonemes.
• Practice changing beginning, middle or ending phonemes.
• Switch and let other students try being the teacher.

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END