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A Window into the Early Universe with Heavy Ions

Clara Leitgeb

on behalf of the DGB Collaboration

European School of HEP: Sept 15th 2019

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Big Bang

Time

Temperature

1

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Big Bang

Time

Temperature

We are here

?

1

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What are we made of?

Quark-gluon plasma

Temperature

Matter

Atom

Electron

Nucleus

Proton

Neutron

Quark

Gluon

Temperature

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Initial state

Hard collision

Evolution

Cold matter

Heavy Ion collisions

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x 10¹² °C

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

arXiv: 1009.3244

Heavy Ion collisions

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5

🔥 1 000°C

🌞 16 000 000°C

LHC 5 500 000 000 000°C

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6

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arXiv: 1105.3865

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So, what is it?

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So, what is it?

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(Almost) Perfect Fluid

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So, what is it?

(Almost) Perfect Fluid

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Viscosity

QUARK GLUON PLASMA

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arXiv: 1105.3865

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(Almost)

Perfect Fluid

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Big Bang

Time

Temperature

We are here

10

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Big Bang

Time

Temperature

We are here

?

10

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Thank you for your attention!

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BACKUP

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Future Directions

Small systems

Can we see QGP in less complicated systems as well?

Transition region

Does it cool down exactly the way we expect?

Other QGP properties

Can we tame this new matter for daily-life application?

New Accelerator Projects

NICA from JINR (Dubna)

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Viscosity

arXiv:1004.1408

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arXiv:1904.08290v1

And we use it!

Time

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PRL 107, 032301 (2011)

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Big Bang

Time

Temperature

You are here

100°C

-270°C

?

1000000°C

1000°C

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Initial state

Hard collision

Evolution

Cold matter

Heavy Ion collisions

3