REPORTED SPEECH

A PRESENTATION

BY

RAJU K MATHEW

���������Direct and Indirect Speech�(Reported Speech)����������

• Introduction: We can report�someone else’s speech either�directly—using the exact words of�the speaker—or�indirectly—restating the speaker’s�words in a different way without�changing the original meaning of�the speaker�

‘REPORTING VERB’& ‘REPORTED SPEECH’

• The teacher said, “ the earth revolves round the sun.”
• REPORTING VERB said

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• REPORTED SPEECH “ the earth revolves round the sun.”

General rules�If the reporting verb is in the past, the tense of the reported speech changes to�corresponding past tense forms.�

• i. Simple present tense changes to simple past tense.
• Ron said, “I like my boss.”
• Ron said that he liked his boss.

ii. Present continuous changes to past continuous.�

• Example
• Reena said, “ I am going to visit my boy friend tomorrow.”
• Reena said that she was going to visit her boy friend the next day.

iii. Present perfect tense changes to past perfect tense.�

• Example
• Vishnu said, “ I have bought a new laptop .”
• Vishnu said that he had bought a new laptop
• God said to man, “I have created you to love and help one another”
• God told man that he had created man to love and help one another.

iv. Present perfect continuous changes to past perfect continuous tense.

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• Example
• Muneer said, “ I have been learning English for two months.”
• Muneer said that he had been learning English for two months.

V. Simple past changes to past perfect.�

• Example
• Saharan said, “ I bought a new car.”
• Saharan said that he had bought a new car.
• Prem said, “I wrote a letter to my father yesterday”
• Prem said that he had written a letter to his father the previous day.

vi. Past Continuous tense changes to past perfect continuous tense.�

• Example
• Martha said, “ I was watching TV when my father came home from work yesterday.”
• Martha said that she had been watching T V when her father came home from work the previous day.

vii. Past Perfect Tense remains the same in Reported Speech.�

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• Example
• Balu said, “ I had cooked dinner when my wife came home from work yesterday.”
• Balu said that he had cooked dinner when his wife had come home from work the day before.

viii. Past Perfect Continuous Tense remains the same in Reported Speech.�

• Example
• Jane said, “ I had been studying for two hours when the lights went out.”
• Jane said that she had been studying for two hours when the lights went out

1. Tom said , “I am really sorry for the mistake”

Tom said that he was really sorry for the mistake.

2. The teacher said, “I really want to appreciate you for this ”

The teacher said that he really wanted to appreciate him for that.

3. Tom said, “I am going to change my behavior”

Tom said that he was going to change his behavior

4. The teacher said, “I knew it from your sorry face.”

The teacher said that he had known it from his sorry face.

5. Tom said, “I will always follow your advice”

Tom said that he would always follow his advice.

Assertive sentence

(statement)

��Imperative Sentence �(Commands and Requests)�(reporting verb+object+to infinitive)��

1. The teacher said, “ Complete the assignment today itself and submit it tomorrow.”

• The teacher ordered the students to complete the assignment that day itself and submit it the next day.

2. The students said, “ Please give us more time”

• The students requested the teacher to give them more time”

Interrogative sentence�(Questions)

Questions with ‘wh’ question words

(reporting verb +object+ given ‘wh’ question word )

1.The teacher said, “How are you all?”

The teacher asked the students how they were all.

2.Students said, “We are all fine sir. How are you, sir”

The students replied that they were all fine and they asked him how he was.

3. The teacher said, “What did I teach you yesterday?”

The teacher asked the students what he had taught them the previous day.

4. Students said, “ You completed Reported Speech, sir. What will you teach us today?”

The students replied that he had completed the Reported Speech and they asked him what he would teach them that day.�

‘Yes’ or ‘No’ type questions�(reporting verb+object+if/whether)

1.The teacher said, “Did you complete the home work.”

The teacher asked the students if/whether they had completed the home work.

2. Students said, “Yes sir. We completed it yesterday itself. Will you give us more home work of the same type today also?”

The students replied that they had completed it the previous day itself. They further asked him if/whether he would give them more home work of the same type that day also.

Change of Time Words

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• today=that day
• tomorrow=the next day/the following day
• yesterday=the day before/the previous day
• now= then/at that moment/at that time
• tonight=that night
• last night= the night before/the previous night
• last week=the week before/the previous week
• next week=the following week
• Thus=so

Change of place Words�

• Here there

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• This that

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• It that

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• These those

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• Ago before

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• Thanks for watching