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What you may be thinking right now…��Who is this crazy lady? �Why is she talking to us?

Where I am from. What I have done. Why I am here. Why I am teaching this…

Reading: Literature Standard 6

I want all of you to be able to analyze the historical point of view and experience of the people in Sang-Ly’s Cambodia, and our connection to it.

Remember that there is a difference between memorize and analyze. There is a lot of information in this PPT, you don’t have to memorize it all, just be able to remember enough to get an idea of the Cambodian experience.

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What do you know about Cambodia?

Please take a second to fill in your KWL sheet.

What do you know? What would you like to learn?

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Intro Activity �(work together)

In your groups, please share what you know about Cambodia with everyone else.
What do you think the building on the flag is?
Using the map in front of your, try to label Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. Please use a pencil for your own sanity.
If you have time, use this information, and find out how much Sang-Ly pays in US Dollars for rent?

1 USD=3,995.00 KHR (Riel)
http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/#

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Angkor Wat

This is Angkor Wat, the building on the flag. From this picture, what can you guess about this building?

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What is Angkor Wat?�(that building on the flag…)

Protected UNESCO heritage site: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668/

What is it? Angkor Wat is the largest temple/capital in the Angkor Archaeological Park. This park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century
Where is it? In north west part of Cambodia just outside of the city of Siem Reap.
Why was it built? Angkor functioned as a capital city for the Khmer Empire and a huge trade city on the silk road.
How big is it? It is over 400 km2 (154.4mi2), including forested area.
How big is it compared to the US? Cedar City is about 20mi2, Washington DC is about 68mi2, and SLC is about 109mi2.
Who lived there? About one million people, and the kings of Khmer.
What happened to it? Due to invasion and massive drought conditions the population mostly left around the 15^th century. The city was abandoned and eaten by the forest until it was discovered in the early 20^th century.

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Other buildings at the Angkor Archaeological Park

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Quick History of the Khmer Empire

Century	Events
9^th-11^th	The Khmer empire is established and the kings constructed the capital city of Angkor Watt, now located in Siem Reap.
12^th	The Vietnamese invade, are held back. Later Cham invaders from Central Vietnam conquer the capital city.
13^th	The Khmer Empire invades and annexes the Cham Empire to the East. At this point, Thailand conquers land to the north west of the Cambodia.
15^th	Thailand invades Angkor Watt, and the Khmer Empire moves its capital South. May have relocated due to excessive drought.
16^th	To get protection against Thailand, the king of Cambodia asks the Spanish Governor of The Philippines for help. In the war that followed Thailand conquered Cambodia and killed the Spanish soldiers.
17^th	A Cambodian Civil War against the Thai ends with Vietnam annexing Cambodia.

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Short Discussion Questions

If you were Cambodian/Khmer, how would you feel about the Vietnamese?
How would you feel about the Thai?
How would you feel about the Spanish?
How would you feel about Angkor Wat?
Angkor Wat was lost after a large drought that caused many people to migrate. Can you find a similar point in US history?

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Cambodia Colonized

Century	Events
18^th	The Vietnamese conquer the Mekong Delta. *The United States became an independent country.
19^th	Cambodia overthrows Vietnamese occupation. Fear of instability causes the country to accept ‘protection’ from the French. Cambodia becomes part of the Indochinese Union with Laos, Vietnam, and parts of China. The Indochinese Union is the name used to describe French Colonies at the time. France at this point begins to create laws, appoint new kings, and collect taxes.

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Short Discussion Questions

What does French ‘protection’ mean?

Critical Thinking Time…

The French left the Indochinese Union in the 1950s. If the Indochinese Union consisted of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, can you guess the connection this area has to the United States?
A country that is protected to another country, and pays taxes to that country is called a Protectorate. Has the US been a Protectorate, or ever had a Protectorate?

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Activity One (10 minutes)

Fill questions 1 to 3 under the label Activity on your page.
Take a card.
White represents college students.
Blue represents urban communities.
Red represents rural communities.
Use your cards to quickly answer questions 4 to 6.
Now as a group, try to convince the other people at your table that you come from the best community.
Students, choose between rural and urban.

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Okay.. This is were is gets interesting….

The year is 1975, your country is being bombed because of the war in Vietnam. Your government is doing nothing to stop it. The country is taken over by an army created in the rural communities lead by a man named Pol Pot.
If you have a red card you are from the country-side and in Pol Pot’s army.
If you have a blue card you have

1. died during Pol Pot’s original attack
2. escaped to another country
3. fled to the country-side and are pretending to be rural

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Pol Pot and �the Khmer Rouge

From 1907-1967, Cambodia went from no formal education system to a country with 200 high schools and 8 universities.
Pol Pot grew up as a rice farmer, but was able to go to the best schools in Phnom Penh and France, and traveled to Vietnam, all because of family connections to the royal family.
The Khmer Rouge was a anti-Vietnamese, severely nationalist party. Core to their beliefs were that cities were ‘Un-Cambodian’ and corrupted by outside countries like Thailand, Vietnam, France, and America. The country-side is were you find the khmaer da’em or ‘Original Cambodians’.
Due to American carpet bombing of the Cambodian border and country-side for Vietnamese soldiers, and the inaction of the King Sinhanouk to the protect the country, the Khmer Rouge was able to get a large army and overthrow the government.

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The Khmer Rouge takes over Cambodia:

Since rural communities represented the “Real Cambodia”, all city dwellers were re-located to the country-side into forced labor camps.
Families from both rural and urban communities were separated into different farms. Communication between family members and others at the labor camps was discouraged. ALL discussions were monitored for treason.
Being a minority was deemed illegal. The Cham Muslim minority was arrested, so were Buddhist monks, and anyone of Thai or Vietnamese descent.
Education was deemed unpatriotic, and elitist. Teachers, professors, students, doctors were among those arrested for treason.

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Next step… purging…

Unless you are a soldier you now all work on a farm to increase Cambodia’s rice exports. This is a goal of the Khmer Rouge to make Cambodia rich.
If you have a red card you have

1. are a good soldier and citizen
2. been caught communicating outside of your farm with your family, you and your family are sent to S21 for re-education.
3. become too popular at the farm, and a jealous person has lied and said you have treasonous thoughts, you and your family are sent to S21 for re-education.
4. family members that were doctors or professors. This is a found out, and you and your family are sent to S21 for re-education.
5. You have been caught praying, , and you and your family are sent to S21 for re-education.

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Where did you go to get re-educated? �A security prison. Security prisons were high school campuses converted into jails.�S21 is the most famous, over 17,000 people were sent there. These are the rules:

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Today, you can visit the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum located at the former ‘Security Prison 21’ or S21.�This is what happened there…

You are kept in either a one room cell that only has room to stand, or in a communal room where you are chained to the person next to you sleeping head to foot across the entire room.
You are not allowed to talk, or you are beaten.
You are taken to a torture room every few days and tortured until you turn in other ‘traitors’.
If you do not die during torture, and you give evidence against others, you are moved to the killing fields. There you are shot and buried in a mass grave.
This will happen to your entire family: children, parents, grandparents.

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These are pictures of some of the people killed at S21, and the skulls found at The Killing Fields

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Between 1.7 to 3 million people were killed from 1975-1979.

The average if the same amount of people were killed each day.

1164.4 dead a day

to 2054.8 dead a day

Death Totals

1,700,000

or 3,000,000

1975-1974

4 Years

1,460 Days

*Utah’s estimated population: 2,855,000 million

*The US Civil was the bloodiest war in our history with an estimated 630,000 dead.

*At this point in time Cambodia had a population of about 8 million, which means at least ß20% of the county was killed in a four year period.

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1979-1999

Hope arrives! The Vietnamese invade and drive Pol Pot, and the Khmer Rouge out of power! They even leave the country to the Cambodian King in 1989.
But wait… The Khmer Rouge hides in the country-side. They wage a Guerilla-style civil war until 1999 when Pol Pot dies in his sleep.
This Civil War created a country where the country-side is to this day so full of land-mines that it is common to see people missing arms and legs.
Ironically, the people who are the most affected were rural communities.

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Modern Cambodia in Review

Century	Events
20^th	WWII bring Japanese occupation, followed by French occupation. French occupation ends in 1953. Cambodian genocide kills at least 1.7million Cambodians from 1975-1979. The country is occupied by the Vietnamese from 1979-1989. The DK continues Guerilla warfare in the country-side until 1999. http://www.yale.edu/cgp/chron.html
21st	The UN recognizes the acts of the DK as genocide. Cambodian and Thai relations suffer as Thailand attempts to annex land on the border of the two countries.

The Cat Man:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/82888804@N00/4383804038/in/photolist-7Fo9df-7GhHB1-7GdMvX-7GhHnQ-7GdM8P-7GhHCE-7G7sxW-7GhHsA-7FmkmK-7GhHqd-7G3vXc-7GdM9Z