Language Scaffolds for All Content Areas
visual support
Total Physical Response (TPR)
sentence frames or stems
non-linguistic representations
realia
pictures
oral rehearsal before writing
controlled choices
color coding for meaning
Thinking Maps with visual support
sketches
multimedia
frontloading background or language needed for a lesson
links to prior knowledge of student’s primary language (e.g., cognates)
restatements in simpler, more comprehensible English
for producing language and responding
for interpreting language
A well designed scaffold does not change the intellectual challenge of the task.
Show understanding nonverbally. (e.g., manipulatives, sketches, acting out, etc.)
Respond in primary language.
Teacher verbalizes the response in English.
Student repeats.
Emerging
↓
Expanding
↓
Bridging