Seminar Lecture Notes

Information Technology Faculty Misurata University

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Department of Computer Networks

Spring-2025

URL:    https://sites.google.com/it.misuratau.edu.ly/salemsati

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

• Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of resources that can be rapidly provided and released with minimum management efforts.
• Cloud Computing intends to realize the concept of Computing as a utility like water, gas, electricity etc.
• Cloud Computing referred as the accessing and storing of data and provide services related to computing over the internet.
• It simply referred as it remote services on the internet manage and access data online rather than any local drives.
• The data can be anything like images, videos, audios, documents, files etc.
• The potential of cloud computing has been recognized by industry.
• Cloud computing is in huge demand so, big organization providing the service like Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, Alibaba cloud etc. are some Cloud Computing service Provide

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CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

• In current time Cloud Computing is giving a new shape to every organization by providing on demand virtualized services/resources. Starting from small to medium and medium to large, every organization use cloud computing services in storing information and accessing that from anywhere and anytime only with the help of internet. Transparency, scalability, security and intelligent monitoring are some of the most important constraints which every cloud infrastructure should experience.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Computing Architecture

Backend of The Cloud

Backend of The Cloud

Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

• Makes overall cloud computing system simpler.
• Improves data processing requirements.
• Helps in providing high security.
• Makes it more modularized.
• Results better disaster recovery.
• Gives good user accessibility.
• Reduces IT operating costs.

Types of Cloud:

• A cloud deployment model represents a specific type of cloud environment, primarily distinguished by ownership, size, and access.
• There are four common cloud deployment models

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Types of Cloud:

Types of Cloud:

Types of Cloud:

Cloud based Services

Software as a service (SaaS):

Software as a service (SaaS):

Software as a service (SaaS):

Platform as a service (PaaS):

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• The PaaS delivery model represents a pre-defined “ready-to-use” environment typically comprised of already deployed and configured IT resources.
• PaaS relies on (and is primarily defined by) the usage of a readymade environment that establishes a set of pre-packaged products and tools used to support the entire delivery lifecycle of custom applications.
• Common reasons a cloud consumer would use and invest in a PaaS environment include:
• The cloud consumer wants to extend on premise environments in to the cloud for scalability and economic purposes.
• The cloud consumer uses the ready-made environment to entirely substitute an on premise environment.
• The cloud consumer wants to become a cloud provider and deploys its own cloud services to be made available to other external cloud consumers.

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Platform as a service (PaaS):

Platform as a service (PaaS):

Platform as a service (PaaS):

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Comparing Cloud Delivery Models

Comparing Cloud Delivery Models

Advantages of Cloud Services

• The advantages of cloud-based services are numerous:

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• Distributed storage.
• Scalability (vertically & horizontally).
• Resource pooling.
• Accessibility.
• Measured service.
• Automated management.

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Cloud Essentials

• NIST state that cloud computing should have the following essential characteristics:

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Cloud Deployment Models

Public Cloud

Provisioned for open use by any consumer (e.g., business, academic, government). The cloud infrastructure may be owned, managed, and operated by the consumer, a third party, or a combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.

Private Cloud

Provisioned for exclusive use by a single consumer. The cloud infrastructure may be owned, managed, and operated by the consumer, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.

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Community Cloud

Provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). The cloud infrastructure may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises.

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Hybrid Cloud

A composition of two or more distinct cloud deployment models (i.e., private, community, public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

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Source: https://cic.gsa.gov/basics/cloud-basics

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Basic Cloud Serv ice Models

SaaS

• Software as a Service (SaaS)

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• The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure.
• The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user specific application configuration settings.

PaaS

• Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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• The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.

IaaS

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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• The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Responsibility Models

• Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) must take security and compliance very seriously.

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• The responsibility model is dependant on the deployment model use.

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• SaaS: most responsibility on the CSP.
• PaaS: Hardware/OS is CSP responsibility; application/data is customers.
• IaaS: Hardware is CSP responsibility; else is customers.

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• Regardless of the model used, cloud security is a shared responsibility.

SaaS

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PaaS

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IaaS

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Introduction to Cloud Computing

• The IT world is currently experiencing a switch from in-house generated computing power into utility-supplied computing resources delivered over the Internet as Web services.
• Computing delivered as a utility can be defined as “on demand delivery of infrastructure, applications, and business processes in a security-rich, shared, scalable, and based computer environment over the Internet for a fee”.
• This model brings benefits to both consumers and providers of IT services. Consumers can attain reduction on IT-related costs by choosing to obtain cheaper services from external providers as opposed to heavily investing on IT infrastructure and personnel hiring. The “on-demand” component of this model allows consumers to adapt their IT usage to rapidly increasing or unpredictable computing needs.
• Providers of IT services achieve better operational costs; hardware and software infrastructures are built to provide multiple solutions and serve many users, thus increasing efficiency and ultimately leading to faster return on investment (ROI) as well as lower total cost of ownership (TCO).

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Grid Computing

• Grid computing enables aggregation of distributed resources and transparently access to them. Most production grids such as Tera Grid and EGEE seek to share compute and storage resources distributed across different administrative domains, with their main focus being speeding up a broad range of scientific applications, such as climate modeling, drug design, and protein analysis.
• A key aspect of the grid vision realization has been building standard Web services-based protocols that allow distributed resources to be “discovered, accessed, allocated, monitored, accounted for, and billed for, etc., and in general managed as a single virtual system.” The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) addresses this need for standardization by defining a set of core capabilities and behaviors that address key concerns in grid systems.

Utility Computing

• In utility computing environments, users assign a “utility” value to their jobs, where utility is a fixed or time-varying valuation that captures various QoS constraints (deadline, importance, satisfaction). The valuation is the amount they are willing to pay a service provider to satisfy their demands. The service providersthen attempt to maximize their own utility, where said
• utility may directly correlate with their profit. Providers can choose to prioritize high yield (i.e., profit per unit of resource) user jobs, leading to a scenario where shared systems are viewed as a marketplace, where users compete for resources based on the perceived utility or value of their jobs.

Hardware Virtualization

• Cloud computing services are usually backed by large-scale data centers composed of thousands of computers. Such data centers are built to serve many users and host many disparate applications.
• The idea of virtualizing a computer system’s resources, including processors, memory, and I/O devices, has been well established for decades, aiming at improving sharing and utilization of computer systems. Hardware virtualization allows running multiple operating systems and software stacks on a single physical platform.

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Autonomic Computing

• Autonomic, or self-managing, systems rely on monitoring probes and gauges (sensors), on an adaptation engine (autonomic manager) for computing optimizations based on monitoring data, and on effectors to carry out changes on the system. IBM’s Autonomic Computing Initiative has
• contributed to define the four properties of autonomic systems: self-configuration, self- optimization, self-healing, and self-protection. IBM has also suggested a reference model for autonomic control loops of autonomic managers, called MAPE-K (Monitor Analyze Plan Execute—Knowledge)

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Deployment Models

The Properties of Cloud Computing

• On-Demand Self-Service On-demand self-service is one of the main characteristics of cloud computing. We will later introduce the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) model.
• Extensive Network Access Another feature of cloud computing is that all clouds must rely on network connectivity. It can be said that the network is the foundation of cloud computing. Especially the Internet, the cloud is always inseparable from the Internet. The Internet provides remote, anytime, anywhere access to IT resources. Some peopleeven think of cloud computing as “Internet plus computing,” and network access isan intrinsic property of cloud computing.Although most cloud access is over the Resource Pooling

The Properties of Cloud Computing

• Resource Pooling Resource pooling is one of the prerequisites for on-demand self-service, The computing resources include CPU and mem
• Fast and Elastic Scalingory. Fast elastic scaling includes several types, and in addition to manual capacity expansion or reduction, cloud computing supports automatic scaling or reduction based on preset policies. Scaling can be an increase or decrease in the number of servers, or an increase or decrease in resources for a single server.

The Properties of Cloud Computing

• Measurable Services Measuring is not billing although measuring is the basis of billing.

Definition of Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing is an Internet-based computing method
• Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model that provides usable, convenient, on-demand network access to configurable computing resource sharing pools (resources including storage, software, services) that can be deliveredquickly with minimal administrative effort or little interaction with service providers.

Definition of Cloud Computing

• cloud computing distributes computing and
• data across a large number of distributed computers, making computing and storage capabilities highly scalable and allowing users to easily access applications and services over the network through a variety of access methods, such as computers and mobile phones

Cloud computing is an abstraction of traditional computing�infrastructure