Materials for Atheletes
BY SHANTU
4 Strategies TO COLLEGE READING
1. Vocabulary in Context
3. Main Ideas
4. Supporting Details
Learning and Understanding…..
2. Skim and Scan
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to…
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Prompt: You have practice in 30 minutes, but your Professor just assigned a chapter reading. What do you do?
Discussion:
1) What would you do in this situation?
2) Do you read everything, skip parts, or feel stressed?
3) Is it really necessary to read every word? Why or why not?
4) What are some ways you might still understand the text without reading all of it?
If you don’t have enough time to read everything, what could you do instead?
Reading Passage�Lexile 860-900 L�
Instruction :
You have about 5 minutes to read the passage. Then, complete Activities 1–3 using information from the text.
Activity
You have 7 minutes to complete this activity : Activity
Skimming Vs Scanning?
-Scanning is quickly reading through a text to find specific information, like a name, date, or keyword.
Scanning
Scanning is quickly reading through a text to find specific information, like a name, date, or keyword.
When to Scan?
- When you are trying to find specific information in a text.
How to Scan?
Skimming
- Skimming = Reading quickly to get the main idea or overall gist of something.�You're not hunting for specific facts (like scanning), you're just getting the vibe, the purpose, the big picture
- Skimming takes more time than scanning, so if we compare scanning and skimming, then skimming is a slow reading
How to Skim
Read the Titles, Headings, and Subheadings�– They’re like road signs. They tell you what’s coming.
Look at the First & Last Sentences�– The main idea usually lives there, especially in paragraphs.
Notice Keywords & Bolded Stuff�– Your eyes should jump to names, dates, numbers, repeated words, bold/italic text.
Move Your Eyes in Chunks�– Don’t read word-by-word. Let your eyes glide over phrases or lines at a time.
Skip the Extras�– Don’t waste time on examples, small details, or stories unless they seem important.
Practice Under Time�– Give yourself a time limit. It trains your brain to go fast and sharp.
Practice Time
Title: Meet the Red Panda
The red panda is a small mammal native to the Eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. Despite its name, it is not closely related to the giant panda. Red pandas are about the size of a domestic cat, with reddish-brown fur, a long, shaggy tail, and a waddling walk due to their shorter front legs.
They are most active at dawn and dusk and spend much of their time in trees. Red pandas eat mostly bamboo, but their diet also includes fruit, acorns, roots, and eggs. At the city zoo, our red pandas—named Poppy and Neko—are fed at 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM each day.
Red pandas are classified as endangered due to habitat loss, poaching, and inbreeding depression. There are estimated to be fewer than 10,000 red pandas in the wild. To help protect them, zoos around the world are working together through breeding programs and conservation education.
�
a) 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM� b) 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM � c) 11:30 AM and 4:30 PM� d) 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM
e) I don’t know
2. What are the names of the red pandas?
a)Coco and Muffin� b) Ruby and Leo� c) Poppy and Neko � d) Ginger and Max
e) Ask Lilian
3. What is one reason red pandas are endangered?�a) Too many visitors at zoos�b) Competition with giant pandas�c) Climate change in Antarctica�d) Habitat loss
<<2:00>>
Title: Meet the Red Panda
The red panda is a small mammal native to the Eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. Despite its name, it is not closely related to the giant panda. Red pandas are about the size of a domestic cat, with reddish-brown fur, a long, shaggy tail, and a waddling walk due to their shorter front legs.
They are most active at dawn and dusk and spend much of their time in trees. Red pandas eat mostly bamboo, but their diet also includes fruit, acorns, roots, and eggs. At the city zoo, our red pandas—named Poppy and Neko—are fed at 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM each day.
Red pandas are classified as endangered due to habitat loss, poaching, and inbreeding depression. There are estimated to be fewer than 10,000 red pandas in the wild. To help protect them, zoos around the world are working together through breeding programs and conservation education.
�
a) 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM� b) 10:00 AM and 3:00 PM � c) 11:30 AM and 4:30 PM� d) 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM
e) I don’t know
2. What are the names of the red pandas?
a)Coco and Muffin� b) Ruby and Leo� c) Poppy and Neko � d) Ginger and Max
e) Ask Lilian
3. What is one reason red pandas are endangered?�a) Too many visitors at zoos�b) Competition with giant pandas�c) Climate change in Antarctica�d) Habitat loss
<<2:00>>
Title: One Day in Boston – Self-Guided City Tour
Start your day at 8:00 AM with a visit to the Boston Public Garden, famous for its swan boats and bronze duckling statues. Walk 10 minutes to the historic Boston Common, the oldest public park in America. At 10:30 AM, head to the Freedom Trail, a 2.5-mile path that passes by 16 historic landmarks including Paul Revere’s House and Faneuil Hall.
Stop for lunch at Quincy Market around 1:00 PM—try the clam chowder in a bread bowl! In the afternoon, ride the Harbor Ferry at 3:15 PM to see the city skyline from the water. End your day with a sunset view at Bunker Hill Monument, open until 6:30 PM.
2. How long is the Freedom Trail?�a) 1 mile�b) 2.5 miles �c) 3.5 miles�d) 5 miles
e) Let me think…..
3. Where can you eat lunch during the tour?�a) Boston Public Garden�b) Boston Common�c) Faneuil Hall�d) Quincy Market
e) I can only answer it after a nap
<<2:00>>
Title: One Day in Boston – Self-Guided City Tour
Start your day at 8:00 AM with a visit to the Boston Public Garden, famous for its swan boats and bronze duckling statues. Walk 10 minutes to the historic Boston Common, the oldest public park in America. At 10:30 AM, head to the Freedom Trail, a 2.5-mile path that passes by 16 historic landmarks including Paul Revere’s House and Faneuil Hall.
Stop for lunch at Quincy Market around 1:00 PM—try the clam chowder in a bread bowl! In the afternoon, ride the Harbor Ferry at 3:15 PM to see the city skyline from the water. End your day with a sunset view at Bunker Hill Monument, open until 6:30 PM.
2. How long is the Freedom Trail?�a) 1 mile�b) 2.5 miles �c) 3.5 miles�d) 5 miles
e) Let me think…..
3. Where can you eat lunch during the tour?�a) Boston Public Garden�b) Boston Common�c) Faneuil Hall�d) Quincy Market
e) I can only answer it after a nap
<<2:00>>
Title: Maplewood Middle School - Fall Semester Events
Here’s what’s coming up this semester!�August 21st – Back-to-School Picnic (3:30 PM – 5:00 PM)�September 14th – Parent-Teacher Conferences (6:00 PM – 8:30 PM)�October 3rd – School Talent Show (Auditorium, 7:00 PM)�October 25th – Fall Carnival (on the playground, 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM)�November 11th – Veterans Day Assembly (Gym, 10:00 AM)�December 18th – Winter Holiday Concert (Auditorium, 6:30 PM)
Snacks will be sold during the Talent Show and Carnival. Bring cash! For any questions, call the school office at (555) 221-4867.
�
e) Ask Freddy
2. Where will the Fall Carnival be held?�a) In the gym�b) In the school auditorium�c) On the playground �d) In the cafeteria
e) Ask Andy
3. Which event is happening on November 11th?�a) Winter Holiday Concert�b) Parent-Teacher Conferences�c) Veterans Day Assembly �d) Back-to-School Picnic
<<1:00>>
Title: Maplewood Middle School - Fall Semester Events
Here’s what’s coming up this semester!�August 21st – Back-to-School Picnic (3:30 PM – 5:00 PM)�September 14th – Parent-Teacher Conferences (6:00 PM – 8:30 PM)�October 3rd – School Talent Show (Auditorium, 7:00 PM)�October 25th – Fall Carnival (on the playground, 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM)�November 11th – Veterans Day Assembly (Gym, 10:00 AM)�December 18th – Winter Holiday Concert (Auditorium, 6:30 PM)
Snacks will be sold during the Talent Show and Carnival. Bring cash! For any questions, call the school office at (555) 221-4867.
�
e) Ask Freddy
2. Where will the Fall Carnival be held?�a) In the gym�b) In the school auditorium�c) On the playground �d) In the cafeteria
e) Ask Andy
3. Which event is happening on November 11th?�a) Winter Holiday Concert�b) Parent-Teacher Conferences�c) Veterans Day Assembly �d) Back-to-School Picnic
<<1:00>>
Re-reading the passage!
Instruction:
- Now, read the passage again using the strategies you just learned. First, skim the text to understand the main idea. Then, scan the text to find specific information.
- Review your answers from your first attempt. Correct any mistakes and complete any activities you were unable to finish.
- You will have 5 minutes to read the passage again and 5 minutes to complete the activities.
1) Teach your partner the difference between Skimming and Scanning.
2) Teach them your tricks and tips ( if you have any) on how to skim and scan successfully.
The following slides provide additional explanation and guided support for skimming and scanning. These can be used if students need further clarification or as reinforcement for deeper understanding.
Reading Strategies: Scan, Skim, and Preview
Discover powerful techniques to extract information quickly and efficiently from any text. These strategies will help you find answers faster and improve your reading comprehension.
What is Scanning?
Targeted Search
Quickly locate specific information like dates, names, or keywords.
Rapid Movement
Eyes move quickly across text, ignoring irrelevant sections.
Time-Saving
Perfect for test-taking when searching for specific answers.
Selective Focus
Skip unimportant details to find exactly what you need.
How to Scan Effectively
Define Your Target
Know exactly what information you're searching for before starting.
Use a Guide
Move your finger or cursor down the page to maintain focus.
Identify Keywords
Think about specific terms related to your search.
Practice Regularly
Try with different materials like dictionaries, indexes, or websites.
Understanding Skimming
Get the Big Picture
Quickly grasp the main ideas without reading everything.
Identify Structure
Notice headings, subheadings, and text organization.
Check Visuals
Look at images, graphs, and captions for important clues.
Evaluate Relevance
Decide if deeper reading is worthwhile.
Skimming Techniques
Read Key Sentences
Focus on first and last sentences of each paragraph.
Notice Headings
They reveal the text's organization and main topics.
Time Yourself
Spend only 2-3 minutes on several pages of text.
Check Introduction & Conclusion
They often contain the text's main points.
Previewing: Before You Read
Form Questions
What do you expect to learn?
Check Visuals
Look at images, charts, and graphs.
Examine Structure
Note headings, subheadings, and bullet points.
Review Title & Introduction
They reveal the text's main purpose.
Practice Strategies
Timed Challenges
Set a timer for 1-2 minutes. Scan an article for specific facts. Count how many you find.
Comprehension Check
Skim a text for 3 minutes. Write down main ideas. Compare with classmates.
Preview Race
Preview a chapter in 60 seconds. Predict what it's about. Check if you were right.
Real-World Application
Try these techniques on various texts: news articles, textbooks, and websites.
Putting It All Together
Master All Techniques
Combine scanning, skimming, and previewing for best results.
Adapt to Text Types
Use different strategies for textbooks, articles, or online content.
Start with Previewing
Get the big picture before diving into details.
Practice Regularly
These skills improve with consistent use.
VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to…
Infer the meaning of unfamiliar words from context |
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What evidence from the sentence helps you know the meaning of the word “ perplexing”?
Can you guess?
Sentence:�After losing the championship game, the players walked off the field looking dejected.
What does “dejected” mean?�A. Excited�B. Angry�C. Sad�D. Proud
Clue: “after losing the game” , they wouldn’t be happy, right?
3.
VOCABURALY IN CONTEXT
You DON’T always have to use a dictionary to learn the meaning of a word in your reading. You can use context clues to figure out the meaning instead.
4 Kind of context clues
EXAMPLES
SYNONYMS
ANTONYMS
GENERAL SENSE
OF THE SENTENES
Examples of new word
words that mean the same as the new word
words that mean the opposite of the new word
the rest of the sentences
EXAMPLE
Examples of new word
SYNONYMS
Words that mean the same as the new word
Context Clue are often found in the synonyms : one or more words that mean the same or almost the same as the unknown word.
ANTONYMS
Words that mean the opposite of the new word
Words and phrases that mean the opposite of a word -- are also useful as context clue.
EXAMPLE
Soft -
worries -
Antonyms are often signaled by words such as unlike, but, however
GENERAL SENSE
OF THE SENTENES
THE REST OF THE SENTENCES
OFten, the context of new word contains no example, synonyms, or antonyms, In such case, you must do a bit of detective work and try to make a guess based on any clues provided
Practice
1. The word “intertwined” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:�a) strongly connected�b) clearly separated�c) carefully protected�d) widely discussed
2. The word “sustained” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:�a) carried out briefly�b) continued over time�c) reduced by force�d) changed without warning
3. The word “thrived” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to:�a) grew very well�b) moved quite slowly�c) stayed completely hidden�d) became less common
4. The word “supplanted” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to:�a) lived beside�b) took the place of�c) spread across�d) depended upon
1. Native Americans showed their ______ with bison through ceremonies and traditions.�a) distance�b) kinship�c) conflict�d) control
2. Hunting bison on horseback became more ______ because it was faster and more effective.�a) difficult�b) efficient�c) dangerous�d) traditional
3. Horses created ______ with bison because both needed the same grass to survive.�a) cooperation�b) balance�c) competition�d) support
4. The Great Plains became like an open-air ______ where large numbers of bison were killed.�a) marketplace�b) shelter�c) slaughterhouse�d) farmland
MAIN IDEAS
Learning Outcome
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to……
- Identify main ideas and distinguish supporting details in a text.
WHAT IS IT AND WHY IT’S IMPORTANT?
The main idea is the central message of a text, guiding the reader’s understanding. It’s important because it keeps writing clear and organized while helping readers grasp key points. Understanding the main idea improves both reading comprehension and communication skills.
BEST WAY TO FIND THE MAIN IDEA OR AUTHOR’S POINT
Look for a general statement.
Decide if that statement is supported by most of the other material in the paragraph. If it is, you have found the main idea
How to identify main idea
Pay Attention to Transition Words:
However, but, yet : The main idea often comes after these words.
In conclusion, therefore, as a result : The sentence that follows may summarize the main idea.
Beware of “Fake Main Ideas”
Sometimes a passage starts with an attention-grabbing fact, but the main idea comes later.
Main Idea vs. Just an Interesting Fact
Fun fact: “Polar bears have black skin under their fur.” NOT a main idea!
Real main idea: “Polar bears have unique adaptations for the cold.”
Repeated Words often gives away the main idea.
SPECIFIC VS GENERAL IDEAS
Dog
Animal
Specific
General
__SLEEPING BAG
__SHEET
__PILLOW
__ BLANKET
__ BEDDING
__JAIL
__HANGING
__SUSPENSION
__FINE
__PUNISHMENT
SPECIFIC VS GENERAL IDEAS
Dog
Animal
Specific
General
__SLEEPING BAG
__SHEET
__PILLOW
__ BLANKET
__BEDDING
__JAIL
__HANGING
__SUSPENSION
__FINE
__PUNISHMENT
THE TOPIC AND MAIN IDEA
THE TOPIC IS THE GENERAL SUBJECT OF A SELECTION. IT CAN OFTEN BE EXPRESSED IN SEVERAL WORDS. RECOGNIZING THE TOPIC CAN LEAD YOU TO THE WRITER'S MAIN POINT ABOUT THAT TOPIC. TO FIND THE TOPIC OF A SELECTION, ASK THIS SIMPLE QUESTION:
WHO OR WHAT IS THE SELECTION ABOUT?
THEN, TO FIND THE MAIN IDEA, ASK:
WHAT IS THE MAIN POINT BEING MADE ABOUT THE TOPIC?
A. REMEDIES FOR TOO MUCH SUN
B. YOU CAN SOOTHE A CASE OF SUNBURN BY SPREADING PLAIN YOGURT OVER THE BURNT AREA FOR TEN MINUTES.
C. SEVERAL REMEDIES FOR TOO MUCH SUN CAN BE FOUND IN YOUR KITCHEN.
D. IF YOUR EYES HAVE BEEN IRRITATED BY THE SUN, COVER THEM FOR FIVE MINUTES WITH CHILLED TEA BAGS OR A PAPER TOWEL SOAKED IN MILK.
SUPPORTING DETAILS
What is it and Why is this important?
Supporting details are the evidence - such as reasons or examples- that backs up main ideas. Those details help you understand main ideas.
Outlines and maps can show you main idea and its major and minor supporting details at a glance
Outlining:
Preparing an outline of a passage will help you see clearly the relationship between a main idea and its supporting details.
Outlines begin with a main idea, followed by supporting details. There are ofte two levels of supporting details - major an minor.
The major details explain and develop the main idea. In turn, the minor details help fill out the major details and make them clear.
outlining tips:
The following tips will help you prepare outlines. Here are common list words:
Look for words that signal major details. Such words are called addition words; they tell us writers are adding to their thoughts. Here are some common addition words:
Types of main idea
1) Explicit : The main idea is written directly in the text.
2) Implicit : It’s not directly written in the text, but you can find clues in the text that help you know what it is.
It’s not directly written in the text, but you can find clues in the text that help you know what it is.
The main idea is written directly in the text.
Types of main idea
IDENTIFYING EXPLICIT MAIN IDEA
THE FIRST SENTENCE OF A PARAGRAPH. THIS OFTEN GIVES YOU THE MAIN IDEA OF THE PARAGRAPH BUT NOT THE WHOLE TEXT.
A PICTURE WILL OFTEN TELL YOU WHAT THE TOPIC OF A TEXT IS.
THE TITLE WILL OFTEN TELL YOU WHAT THE TOPIC IS AND SOMETIMES GIVE YOU AN IDEA OF WHAT THE MAIN IDEA IS
Identifying Implicit Main Idea
What is mapping supporting details?
Major and Minor Details
Supporting Idea Mapping
Includes examples,�descriptions,�explanations, and�extra information�that support the�major details.�
Minor Details
Includes the main�steps, reasons, and�evidence that�directly support the�author's main idea.�
Major Details
Minor Details � Examples: “for example,"�"such as," "like"�● Specific: "in particular,"�"specifically," "namely"�● Clarification: "that is," "in�other words," "to clarify"�● Information in ( )�● Dates and Numbers�● Places
Major Details � Transition words:�● first, second, third�● next�● finally�● one reason�● another reason�● also�
Idea Mapping
The solar system has been a subject of fascination for centuries, yet many misconceptions persist. One common belief is that the Sun moves around the Earth, while in reality, the Earth orbits the Sun. Another misunderstanding is that space has no gravity, but gravity exists everywhere, playing a crucial role in planetary orbits. Additionally, many assume that Earth's shadow causes the Moon's phases, though they are actually due to the Moon's position relative to the Sun. Finally, some think that all planets are similar in size, whereas they vary significantly, with Jupiter being the largest and Mercury among the smallest. Understanding these concepts helps to correct widely held misconceptions and enhances scientific knowledge.
There are several misunderstanding about Solar System
1.Sun moves around the Earth
2.No Gravity
3. Shadow causes the Moon’s phases
4. Planets are similar in size
What word/words in the main idea tells you that a list of details is coming?