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Day 5

January 25/28

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Quiz #4

  • 1. The process of excess water vapor changing into liquid water is _________________.
  • 2. Will there be more precipitation on the windward or leeward side of a mountain range?
  • 3. Name two factors that affect climate.
  • ​
  • BONUS:
  • 4. Mount Everest is 29,028 feet tall and Mount Kea is 13,796 feet tall. Given what you know about the effect of elevation, where would it be colder and the air thinner?

condensation

Latitude, wind patterns, ocean currents, landforms, events (recurring phenomena)

Mount Everest

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WORLD CLIMATE PATTERNS

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WORLD CLIMATE PATTERNS

  • Factors affecting climate: latitude, wind patterns, ocean currents, events, landforms
  • What are some features that determine a region?

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TROPICAL�In or near low latitudes- the Tropics

  • Two types: Tropical Wet and Tropical Dry

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  • Tropical wet
    • Average temperature: 80 degrees
    • Hot and wet all year long
    • Rains almost daily, average year rainfall is 80 inches!
    • Lots of wildlife and vegetation

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Tropical Wet

  • Example: Amazon River Basin

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TROPICAL�In or near low latitudes- the Tropics

  • Two types: Tropical Wet and Tropical Dry

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  • Tropical dry
    • High temperatures year round
    • Dry winters, wet summers
    • Grasses, shrubs, fewer trees
    • Tropical savannas

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Tropical Dry

  • Example: Africa

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DRY

  • Two types: desert and steppe

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  • Desert
    • Temperature varies from day to night and from season to season
    • Yearly rainfall seldom exceeds 10 inches
    • Dry
    • Sparse plant life- cactus, shrubs
    • Covers 1/3 of Earth’s total land area

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Desert

  • Example: Sahara

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DRY

  • Two types: desert and steppe

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  • Steppe
    • Dry
    • Treeless grasslands
    • Yearly rain averages 10-20 inches

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Steppe

  • Example: Across Eastern Europe and West and Central Asia

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MID-LATITUDE

  • Four temperate climate regions

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  • Marine West Coast
    • Latitudes 30° N to 60° N & 30° S to 60° S
    • Cool summers and cool, damp winters
    • Coniferous and deciduous trees
    • Example: Pacific coast of North America

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MEDITERRANEAN

  • Mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers
  • Mediterranean shrub (woody bushes & short trees)
  • Example: South-west Australia and area around Mediterranean Sea

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HUMID SUBTROPICAL

  • Short, mild winters
  • Hot, humid summers
  • Year-round rain
  • Prairies, forests (similar to Marine West Coast)
  • Example: U.S.

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HUMID CONTINENTAL

  • Farther North → longer and more severe snowy winters and shorter and cooler summers
  • Very similar to Marine West Coast
  • Example: Northern Indiana

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HIGH-LATITUDE

  • Three types: Subarctic, Tundra, Ice Cap
  • Freezing temperatures common throughout the year
  • Variety of vegetation is limited

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  • Subarctic
    • South of Arctic Circle
    • Bitter cold winters, short cool summers
    • Widest temperature range of any climate- 120°

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SUBARCTIC

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TUNDRA

  • Closer to poles
  • Vegetation: low bushes, short grasses, moss, lichens

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ICE CAP

  • Snow and ice (2 miles thick)
  • Vegetation: lichens
  • Average temperatures- below freezing

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HIGHLAND

  • High mountain areas- even along the Equator
    • Higher elevation = cooler temperatures
    • Vegetation varies depending on elevation

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Why do climates change?

  • They change gradually over time
          • Scientists aren’t sure why!
  • Ice Ages, Volcanic activity, human-environment interaction

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Look at map on page 62!