• National Strategic Project
• Shareholders:
• Shanghai Decent Inv: 49.69%
• Sulawesi Mining Inv: 25%
• Bintang Delapan Inv: 25.31%
• Shanghai Decent Investment --> a subsidiary of Tshingshan Group

• 2015: 2,000 ha --> 4,000 ha
• ± 81,500 workers (inc. 13% Chinese)
• 18 tenants (2025: 40 tenants)
• 44-line RKEF + 2 HPAL
• coal-fired power plants 4,000 MW
• 3 clusters (3rd: cathode material for EV batteries)
• LG Energy Solution, Samsung SDI, CATL --> Stellantis NV, BMW, Volkswagen, Marcedes-Benz, Tesla

• Two measurements:
• June 2022
• August 2023
• The changes in the concentration level of Cr6+ vary, but all of them exceed the IRMA standard of 0.0044 mg/L

Permit for Discharge of Wastewater into the Sea SK.259/Menlhk/Setjen/PKL.1/5/2018:

• Coal plant wastewater
• Wastewater from production processes
• Coal stockpile runoff
• Domestic wastewater

• Laboratory examination results:
• 4 samples → turbidity, Cd, Pb ↑
• 5 samples → Zn ↑
• 6 samples → TSS ↑
• 7 samples → Cu ↑
• Using the strictest threshold (national regulation vs IRMA std)

Cr6+ concentration exceeds the IRMA standard of 0.011 mg/L:

• Dampala R. → Dampala Sejahtera Bersama
• Lalampu R. → Graha Mining Utama
• La Kumpi R. → cluster 1 of IMIP
• Labota R.→ cluster 3 of IMIP
• Coal plant wastewater → cluster 3 of IMIP

• Laboratory examination results:
• La Kumpi R. → TSS, Hg, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr6+ ↑
• Labota R. → Hg, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr6+ ↑
• Using the strictest threshold (national regulation vs IRMA std)
• The concentration of suspended solids in La Kumpi River is classified as high, in line with Dethier et al (Nature, 2023)

• National Strategic Project
• Shareholders:
• Perlux Technology: 40%
• Zhenshi Group: 30%
• Huachang Int. Inv.: 30%
• Perlux Technology --> a subsidiary of Tshingshan Group

• 2018: 5,000 ha
• ± 42,000 workers (inc. 7% Chinese)
• 21 tenants (planned)
• 49-line RKEF + 1 HPAL
• coal-fired power plants 1,000 MW
• Huafei Nickel Cobalt --> a subsidiary of Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt --> LG Energy Solution --> Stellantis NV

• Measurement at 9 sites in June 2023
• Cr6+ concentration exceeds the IRMA standard of 0.0044 mg/L or the national regulation of 0.002 mg/L:
• Botepo
• Outlet of coal plant wastewater discharge
• Cape Ulie
• Mouth of Ake Doma R.

Cape Ulie

Cr6+ = 0.003 mg/L

Botepo

Cr6+ = 0,005 mg/L

Mouth of Ake Doma R.

Cr6+ = 0.015 mg/L

Environmental Impact Assessment (IWIP, Dec 2018)

• Coal plant wastewater
• Domestic wastewater
• Wastewater from port
• Wastewater from manufacturing processes

• Measurement at 9 sites in June 2023 --> Cr6+ concentration in Wosea River exceeds the IRMA standard of 0.011 mg/L
• Karkar River, Woebem River, and Gwondi River are buried
• Wosea River and Ake Doma River experiencing narrowing or constriction
• The flow of Ake Sake River diverted

• Fewer fish in coastal waters, fishermen have to venture further out to sea --> requiring more fuel

• Access to several rivers is closed, including Wosea River

• The mangrove forest area is decreasing, coral reef ecosystems are disrupted --> a decrease in fish stocks in coastal areas

• Several residents are complaining about the disappearance of fish in the river, skin rashes due to contact with the water

• IWIP: diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) reaching 1,000 cases per year (Community Health Center of Lelilef, 2022)

• IMIP: tuberculosis 66, pneumonia in toddlers 59, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) reaching 855 cases per year (Community Health Center of Bahodopi, 2022)