Wednesday, January 8th 2020
LTs:
HW: Check-in on ALL of chapter 2 due Wednesday!
BR:
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years.
Think About It: how many children does each woman need to have in order for the world’s population to remain the same?
TFR is closely correlated to industrial output, gender empowerment, education, and economic development. The higher each of these things are, the lower the TFR usually is.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births.
Think About It: Why do Geographers measure the IMR?
Life Expectancy (LE)
the average number of years a person born in a particular country might be expected to live.
Make a Prediction: Which country has the HIGHEST LE?
How could war affect a country’s LE?
The below graph shows LE in the US in both 2015 and 2016. What’s happening to our LE? Why is this happening?!
What can this map tell us?
Dependency Ratio
The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.
Cartogram: depicts the size of countries according to population rather than land area.
Population Concentrations
2/3 of the World's inhabitants are
clustered in 4 regions:
Why? The 4 ‘toos’
Some regions are too hot, too dry, too cold, or too mountainous.
The Four Population Concentrations:
East Asia – ⅕ of the world’s population
China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan
China – Most population is along the coast and slightly inland along fertile river valleys (‘ribbon-like population density’)
South Asia - 1/5 of the world’s population
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
Mainly on Coastlines and Ganges and Indus River
Southeast Asia - Philippines, Indonesia
Islands – Rural
The 3 Asia’s above have over 50% of the world’s population on 10% of the land!
Europe - 1/9 of world’s population
Urban: industry, roads, well developed
Europe’s ‘population axis’ is situated along the same orientation as the coalfields
Geographers measure population change through three indicators:
(CBR - CDR) / 10 = NIR%
Let’s Practice!
Population Doubling Time
How fast a population will double.
Calculated by: 70 / NIR = DT
Why is global population increasing?
1. Arithmetic Density (also known as Population Density)
Total number of people divided by total land area
1. Arithmetic Density
With a partner, calculate the arithmetic density for the countries below. Next, answer the question below.
Why do we need to know arithmetic density?
It enables geographers to compare the number of people trying to live on a given piece of land in different regions of the world.
total people
land area
= Arithmetic Density
REMEMBER!! These numbers are in millions!
| Population in 2010 (in millions) | Land Area (in millions of kilometers) | Arithmetic Density |
Canada | 34 | 10 | 3 |
United States | 310 | 9.6 | 32 |
Netherlands | 17 | 0.04 | 425 |
Egypt | 80 | 1 | 80 |
2.Physiological density
People supported by a unit area of arable land
2.Physiological density
With a partner, calculate the physiological density for the countries below. Next, answer the question below.
| Population in 2010 (in millions) | Arable Land (in millions of kilometers) | Physiological Density |
Canada | 34 | 0.5 | 68 |
United States | 310 | 1.7 | 182 |
Netherlands | 17 | 0.01 | 1700 |
Egypt | 80 | 0.03 | 2667 |
total people
Arable land
= Physiological Density
3. Agricultural Density
The ratio of farmers to amount of arable land
3. Agricultural Density
With a partner, calculate the physiological density for the countries below. Next, answer the question below.
number of farmers
ARable land
= agricultural Density
| Number of farmers (in millions) | Arable Land (in millions of kilometers) | Agricultural Density (farmers per km of arable land) |
Canada | 0.05 | 0.5 | 1 |
United States | 3.4 | 1.7 | 2 |
Netherlands | .23 | 0.01 | 23 |
Egypt | 8.0 | 0.03 | 267 |
Countries with high agricultural densities tend to be less economically developed (a larger number of people rely on subsistence farming still) and vis-versa.
Lower agricultural densities-- more developed countries require less farmers per farm due to new agricultural technologies, less labor is needed
3. Agricultural Density
This allows us to look at economic differences.
Developed countries like the image above have access to technology and finance to farm on a large scale.
MORE people are needed to farm in the image below, so LESS are available to work in other professions.
According to Rubenstein:
“To understand relationships between population and resources in a country, geographers examine a country’s physiological and agricultural densities together. For example, the physiological densities of both Egypt and the Netherlands are high, but the Dutch have a much lower agricultural density than the Egyptians.
Geographers conclude that both the Dutch and Egyptians put heavy pressure on the land to produce food, but the more efficient Dutch agricultural system requires fewer farmers than does the Egyptian system.”