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I’m in the Business of Hope:�How to Keep Believing when Things Feel Impossible�

Matthew J. Zakreski, PsyD

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Who Am I?

Dr. Matt Zakreski, clinical psychologist, neurodiversity advocate, and “grown-up gifted kid.”

Professional cartoonist

Brain-tumor survivor

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Why do people come to therapy?

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What is Hope?

“the expectation that one will have positive experiences or that a potentially threatening or negative situation will not materialize or will ultimately result in a favorable state of affairs.” (APA)

To have hope is to want an outcome that makes your life better in some way.

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Where does hope come from?

  • Personal values and dreams
  • Confidence in life
  • We are, as a species, “not content to be content.”
  • Our brains like to create narratives of our lives – hope give us a guiding principle

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Hope vs. Optimism

Hope is linked to optimism, but it isn’t the same thing

Optimism is the attitude or outlook that good things will happen, and one’s wishes or aims will ultimately be fulfilled.

In this sense, hope is essential to setting and ultimately achieving goals.

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What does hope do?

Hope provides us with goals and the motivation to meet them

Hope looks to the future and makes the present easier to bare

Hope connects us to a broader, cosmic (or spiritual) universe

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Hope Helps

Hope is a type of “psychological capital”.

More hope is positively related to:

    • Better health outcomes
    • Better athletic outcomes
    • Better academic outcomes
    • Better occupational outcomes

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Hope is cumulative

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The paradox of hope

  • Gifted individuals crave authenticity
  • Hope implies that things are not as we want them to be
  • To be hopeful, you must acknowledge how things are right now
  • You already don’t have the thing you want, right? So…
  • GO GET IT.

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Hope benefits from community

  • It is possible to be hopeful alone, but easier to be hopeful in a community
  • We are social animals, and constantly learn for and from others
  • Community limits negative and self-defeating beliefs
  • Multiple perspectives allow for multiple avenues for success

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Ways to build hope in yourself

Look back on past wins

Celebrate yourself and your current wins (the “YES!” test)

Be creative – what haven’t you tried?

Reflect, pray, or meditate

Filter your inputs (no doomscrolling)

Instill hope in others

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Hope to promote an atmosphere of hope

Set

Set clear goals – achievable, concrete, realistic

Align

Align goals with values – what matters to you will help you both set and achieve your goals

Cultivate

Cultivate a growth mindset – I’m always learning, and I can take my failures and move forward (F.A.I.L.)

Take

Take perspective – make time to check in with yourself and see how you’re doing and how far you’ve come

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The Ice Cream Sundae Test

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What Makes a Good Goal?

S – Specific

M – Measurable

A – Achievable

R – Relevant

T – Time-Bound

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Let’s not have toxic positivity

The excessive and ineffective overgeneralization of a happy, optimistic state across all situations.

The process of toxic positivity results in the denial, minimization, and invalidation of the authentic human emotional experience.

By disallowing the existence of certain feelings, we fall into a state of denial and repressed emotions

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Signs of Toxic Positivity

  • Hiding/Masking your true feelings
  • Trying to “just get on with it” by stuffing/dismissing an emotion(s)
  • Feeling guilty for feeling what you feel
  • Minimizing other people’s experiences with “feel good” quotes or statements
  • Trying to give someone perspective (e.g., “it could be worse”) instead of validating their emotional experience
  • Shaming or chastising others for expressing frustration or anything other than positivity
  • Brushing off things that are bothering you with an “It is what it is”

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The secret

Our brains and bodies WANT to return to homeostasis

The brain needs to have a request to engage the parasympathetic nervous system

The code is “I’m feeling ____________”

Must be spoken OUT LOUD

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Mark Manson

“Everything worthwhile in life is won through surmounting the associated negative experience. Any attempt to escape the negative, to avoid it or quash it or silence it, only backfires… Real hope comes only from owning the pain to overcome it.”

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Back to therapy

Feel your feelings - be authentic

“The paradox is that, as soon as I accept myself as I am, I can begin to change” – Carl Jung

Challenges are not about personal worth – even if you caused the problem

The Miracle Question

Internal Locus of Control

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Resources

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I’m going to believe the good things about you, until you can, too.”

#drmatt

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Questions?

Here’s how to find me:

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References

  • Arfken, M. (2021). Towards a Critical Psychology of Hope. Awry: Journal of Critical Psychology2(1), 1-2.
  • Armstrong, L. L., Desson, S., St. John, E., & Watt, E. (2019). The DREAM program: developing resilience through emotions, attitudes, & meaning (gifted edition)–a second wave positive psychology approach. Counselling Psychology Quarterly32(3-4), 307-332.
  • Blöser, C., & Stahl, T. (2019). The Moral Psychology of Hope: An Introduction (The Moral Psychology of the Emotions). Rowman and Littlefield International, London.
  • Lemay, R., & Ghazal, H. (2001). Resilience and positive psychology: Finding hope. Child & Family5(1), 10-21.
  • Milona, M. (2019). Finding hope. Canadian Journal of Philosophy49(5), 710-729.
  • Schneider, K. (2017). The resurgence of awe in psychology: Promise, hope, and perils. The Humanistic Psychologist45(2), 103.
  • Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. Simon and Schuster. New York, NY.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Ambrose, D. (Eds.). (2021). Conceptions of giftedness and talent. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Wai, J., & Worrell, F. C. (2021). The future of intelligence research and gifted education. Intelligence87, 101546.
  • Yüksel, M., Okan, N., Eminoglu, Z., & Akça-Koca, D. (2019). The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Hope on Primary School Students' Social-Emotional Learning and Primary Mental Abilities. Universal Journal of Educational Research7(3), 729-738.