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Cell Signalling

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Cell Signaling

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Cell Signaling

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Cell Signaling

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The Endocrine System

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What are Hormones?

  • Chemical signaling molecules produced by glands�
  • Transported through blood to target organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.�
  • Hormones act as ligands to receptors on tissues in target organs.�
  • Receptors detect their presence and orchestrate their response through a signal transduction pathway.�
  • Hormones are either made of proteins or steroids

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Signal Transduction

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Signal Transduction

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Signal Transduction

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Signal Transduction

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Signal Transduction

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What is the Endocrine System?

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Endocrine vs Exocrine?

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Endocrine vs Exocrine?

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The Pancreas

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Examples of Protein Hormones

ACTH

ADH

HGH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

antidiuretic hormone

Human growth hormone

A stress hormone

Involved in water balance

Involved in growth and development

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Examples of Steroid Hormones

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Examples of Steroid Hormones

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Water Soluble Hormones

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Fat Soluble Hormones

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Fat Soluble Hormones

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The Endocrine System

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The Pituitary as the Hormone Control Center

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The Pituitary as the Hormone Control Center

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Pituitary Hormones

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Pituitary Gland: Nonapeptides

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Pituitary Hormones

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Pituitary Gland: Releasing Hormones

TRH Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone

TSH Thyrotrophin�T3 Tri-iodothyronine

T4 Thyroxine�

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Antagonistic Hormones

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Antagonistic Hormones : Blood Sugar

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Antagonistic Hormones : Blood Calcium

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Antagonistic Hormones : Blood Calcium

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Endocrine Hormone Overview

Eg.

oxytosin

Eg.

TRH

TSH

Thyroxine

Eg.

insulin�glucagon

Eg.

calcitonin�PTH