Ingegneria dell'informazione, informatica e statistica�Ingegneria Gestionale - Management Engineering�Environmental Economics and Management (spring 2022)��Dr. Luca Fraccascia

Group Presentation - �Circular Economy Strategies�Writing the Future

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19.05.2022

Mollica Melissa�Moretti Raimond

Heusch Antonius�Soldati Giancarlo

OVERVIEW

1. Product Description
• Market and customers
• Enterprise Input-Output Model

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1. Circular Economy Strategies & Contribution to SDG &�Policy Measures to support the Strategies
• Existing Strategies
• Sprout
• Faber-Castell
• Perpetua
• Our Strategies
• Pencils in Solar Steam Generation
• Pencil Graphite Rod supporting Oxygen Evolution Reaction

A Pencil? - Simple but useful all around the world!�

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Worldwide and growing Market

• 15 billion pencils/year means 82000 trees cut per year
• Growing rate: +3%
• Largest Market: North America
• Fastest growing market: Asia

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Product Description: Market & Customers

Social awareness of environmental issues since young age

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• Everybody is a potential customer:
• Main users: children & scholars
• Private or public offices

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Enterprise Input-Output Model

Circular Economy Strategies

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Existings:

• Sprout
• Faber-Castell
• Perpetua

Our strategies:

• Pencils in Solar Steam Generation
• PGR supporting Oxygen Evolution Reaction

MAIN ISSUES:

• Fresh wood
• Clean water
• Massive heat

Faber-Castell

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2,3 billion pencils/year

150.000 tons of wood /year

means

Forestry Project Brazil:

10.000 hectares of land in south-east Brazil have been used to plant millions of Pinus Caribaea seeds

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1/3 preserved from use

Faber-Castell’s contribution to SDGs

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SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Forestry Project Brazil

Promoting and Achieving the sustainable management and use of natural resources (12.2)

Environmentally friendly approach

Encourages other firms adopting sustainable practices (12.6).

SDG 15: Life on Land

Only choosing certified sources

Deforestation counteracted (15.2)

Policy Measures �to support the Circular Economy Strategies

What measurements could policymakers implement in order to encourage companies to apply the Circular Economy Strategies?

Policy Measures �to support Faber-Castell’s Strategy

Faber-Castell

OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF AVOIDED DEFORESTATION

REVENUES RELATED TO A GREENER ATTITUDE

• Highly skilled labor

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• Changes in the manufacturing process

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• Procedures to monitor the environmental impact

An example of PRIVATIZATION

DANGER

SOLUTION

Direct subsidies

Perpetua

Powder from the manufacturing process of electrodes

Combined with a patented chemical compound

Innovative material: Zantech

• No glue
• Can write for 1120 km (instead of 56 km)
• Resilient at the risk to break

No wood is used!

Perpetua’s contribution to SDGs

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SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Renewal of the industrial process

Upgrading all industries and infrastructures for sustainability (9.4)

New eco-friendly material (Zantech)

Enhancement of scientific research and innovation of industrial technologies (9.5)

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Decreased disposal of graphite wastes on the environment

Responsible treatment of a waste (12.4)

Policy Measures �to support Perpetua’s Strategy

Perpetua

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

• COMPLEXITY OF COLLECTING POLLUTERS’ DATA

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• NO EQUITY

POLLUTION TAXES

EMISSION CHARGES

MARKETABLE PERMITS

INSTEAD:

ARE PREFERRED!

Sprout

Plant the pencil at the end of its useful life

Flowers, herbs, vegetables or even spruce trees can sprout

A capsule of seeds is embedded in the top

Sprout Strategy:

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CLOSING THE LOOP

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ONLY from sources certified PEFC & FSC

Sprout’s contribution to SDGs

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SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Promoting and Achieving the sustainable management and use of natural resources (12.2)

Closing the loop

SDG 13: Climate Action

CO2 assimilative capacity of trees

Limits the concentration of greenhouse gases

SDG 15: Life on Land

New plants from Sprout’s seeds

Restoration of terrestrial ecosystems can be promoted (15.1) and deforestation counteracted (15.2)

Policy Measures �to support Sprout’s Strategy

Sprout

• Direct subsidies to the company to unburden the high investment needed to produce the pencil

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• Financial incentives to advertise the pencil

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• Promotion of special areas in cities to plant the consumed pencils�

Pencils in Solar Steam Generation

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Hand-drawing a cellulose membrane with a simple pencil

It’s possible to obtain a photoactive layer for solar steam generation

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Pencils in Solar steam generation (2)

Evaporation efficiency: 90.53%

The layer adsorb the light

Heat is confined in the beaker

adequate water evaporation

INTERNAL USE OF INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS

• Special baskets for almost-finished pencils are designed
• Periodically these baskets are voided
• Consumed pencils are taken into the plant
• Wastewater from P2 is processed with solar steam
• Purified water is used as input for the process

Solar steam’s contribution to SDGs

SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

Solar steam generation process affordable

Increase in water-use efficiency (6.4)

• Improvement in water quality
• Increases the recycling and the safe reuse of water
• Minimizing pollution or dumping (6.3)

Universal and equitable access to drinking water (6.1)

Active involvement of citizens

Strengthen the participation of communities in water management (6.8)

Solar steam’s contribution to SDGs (2)

SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy

Useful in variety of industrial applications (electricity generation)

The use of renewable resources can be increased (7.2)

Might incentivize the research effort in the clean technology field (7.4)

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption

and Production

SDG 13: Climate Action

12.4: Responsible treatment of waste (Water)

13.2: Adoption of a renewable resource and a clean energy by a company

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation,

and Infrastructure

9.5: Enhancement of scientific research and innovation of industrial technologies

Pencil Graphite Rod supporting�Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)

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Molecular Hydrogen is the perfect substitute for carbon-based fossil fuels

Electrocatalysis in an uncompetitive process:

OER is the main limit

Need for a low-cost method

Polish the rod

Flame annealing process

The rod is decorated with Ni or NiFe

structure made of branches of crystalline graphite

Impressive performance as an electrode supporting OER

Pencil Graphite Rod supporting Oxygen evolution reaction (2)

IMPERFECT INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS

INTERNAL USE:

Replacing or Reducing the traditional energy supply

EXTERNAL USE:

Selling the collected consumed pencils

Careful evaluation of the ecomical benefit

OER’s contribution to SDGs

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SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Use of the pencil rod electrode: cheap new technology

Upgrade the traditional methods and guarantee an affordable and effective green alternative to pollutant fuels (7.1)

Might incentivize the research effort in the clean technology field (7.4)

Possibility to sell this energy vector to consumers or other companies

creating a new market and increasing industrial diversification (9.7).

OER’s contribution to SDGs (2)

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SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

SDG 13: Climate Action

Rods of consumed pencils have an alternative and very useful end-of-life

Contributing to the reduction of waste generation (12.5).

Use of molecular hydrogen instead of fossil fuels

Renewable resources and clean energies adopted by companies (13.2)

Policy Measures to support these innovative technologies

MAIN PROBLEMS

in adopting new technologies

High Investments

Organizational Inertia

Solution

Direct Subsidies

Solar Steam

Molecular Hydrogen

• Lower the maximum level of emissions admitted
• Raise the price of marketable permits

• Increasing taxation over the discharging of wastewater in soil, rivers or oceans

Or

Ingegneria dell'informazione, informatica e statistica�Ingegneria Gestionale - Management Engineering�Environmental Economics and Management (spring 2022)��Dr. Luca Fraccascia

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Group Presentation - �Circular Economy Strategies�Writing the Future

​

19.05.2022

Mollica Melissa�Moretti Raimond

Heusch Antonius�Soldati Giancarlo