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SOLID WASTE

GENERTION

AND

MANAGEMENT

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5.1 Introduction

5.2 Definition of Important Terms

5.3 Types and Sources of Solid waste

5.4 Generation Rates of solid waste, Indian scenario and Factors affecting generation Rates

5.5 Causes of Solid waste Pollution

5.6 Effects of Solid waste Pollution

5.7 Solid Waste Management

5.7.1 Collection of solid waste

5.7.2 Processing of Solid waste

5.7.3 Disposal of Solid Waste

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INTRODUCTION

Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a substance which is of no use.

Solid Waste that we see in our surroundings is also known as garbage. Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from our houses (domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc (municipal wastes) and wastes from industries and factories (industrial wastes).

Waste

Liquid Waste

Solid Waste

Gaseous waste

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INTRODUCTION

Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a substance which is of no use.

Solid Waste that we see in our surroundings is also known as garbage. Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from our houses (domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc (municipal wastes) and wastes from industries and factories (industrial wastes).

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INTRODUCTION

Solid Waste is defined as any unwanted and useless solid materials generated from different domestic, trade, commercial, agricultural and industrial activities.

Solid Waste

Garbege

Ashes

Demolotion waste

Rubbish

Leachate

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IMPORTANT DEFINATIONS

Garbage

These are the incombustible waste products

Ashes

Includes combustible and non-combustible solid wastes, except food waste

Rubbish

Source: Kitchens, Hotels, Restaurents etc. , animal dung, grass, leaves, Bird excreta etc.

Source: rags, paper pieces, broken pieces of glass, paper packets , glass and plastic Bottles, broken crockery etc.

Includes food waste and other degradable organic wastes

Garbage

Source: Industries, hearth and furnaces.

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IMPORTANT DEFINATIONS

Garbage

Include both Garbage and Rubbish

Refuce

Source: Kitchens, Hotels, Restaurents etc. , animal dung, grass, leaves, Bird excreta etc.

Source: rags, paper pieces, broken pieces of glass, paper packets , glass and plastic Bottles, broken crockery etc.

Liquid travelled through solid waste or other medium

Leachate

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5.3 Types and Sources of Solid Waste

1) Municipal Solid Waste( MSW)
Sources: House hold activities, public areas, restaurants, institutions, market street-sweeping , hotels, beaches etc.
It includes garbage, rubbish, ashes, demolition and Construction activities

2) Industrial Solid Waste
Sources: Various Industrial activities
Includes rubbishes, ashes, demolition and construction waste hazardous waste

3) Hazardous waste
Substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, animal or plant
Sources: Industries, Nuclear plants, hospitals, Research Institutes, Pharma Companies, laboratories etc.
Includes Radioactive substances, Chemical waste flammable waste, biological waste

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5.4 Generation Rates of Solid waste (Indian Scenario)

Facts

(CPCB)

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Presently in India, about 960 million tonnes of solid waste is being generated annually as by-products during industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes.

Urban India (about 377 million people) generates 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) each year. Of this about 43 million tonnes (70%) is collected and 11.9 million tonnes (20%) is treated.

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Gujarat generates 8,336 metric tons of urban solid waste per day. The total solid waste generation in the country was 1. 33 lakh metric tons.

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It is estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns is about 0.1 kg, 0.3-0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively. (CPCB)

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Composition of Solid waste generation in India

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Overpolulation

Technology

Affluence

Urbanization

5.5

Causes of Solid waste Pollution

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5.6 Effects of Solid waste Pollution

1

Impact on human Health, Cause severe diseases , harmful effect on human health

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Due to improper disposal of solid waste results in to air pollution, solil pollution water pollution

cause biological and physicochemical problems to the environment that may affect or alter the productivity of the soils in that particular area.

Impact on land and aquatic animals due to improper disposal of toxic elements

Emission of toxic elements results in adverse effect on human health ( spread diceases like cancer)

dumping of waste materials forces biodegradable materials to rot and decompose under improper, unhygienic and uncontrolled conditions.

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Than what is the Solution?

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Solution is

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste Management

Collection

Processing

Disposal

Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes.
It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash.
As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue.
Waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource.

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5.7.1

Collection

of

Solid waste

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Collection methods

Kerbside collection

Block collection

Community storage point

Collection is the first fundamental function of solid waste management.
Three basic methods of collection

Kerbside collection

Block collection

Community storage point

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5.7.1

Processing of Solid waste

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Processing is the second fundamental function of solid waste management.
Improves the efficiency of waste disposal.
Solid waste prepare for reuse, recycling and recovery process.
Process involved techniques like Screening, shredding, compacting , segregation, thermal volume reduction etc.