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Presentation on

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The Ontology To Get Data Access To Big Data

Presented by

MAHESH RAVINDRA PATIL

Guided by

Mrs. DIPTI PATIL

Department of Computer Engineering,

KCES’s College of Engineering and IT , Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

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content

Department of Computer Engg, KCES’s COEIT,j algaon

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  1. Abstract
  2. What is ontology
  3. Type of ontology data
  4. Component
  5. Characteristics
  6. Example
  7. Application
  8. Advantages
  9. Disadvantages
  10. Conclusion
  11. Future work
  12. Reference

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ABSTRACT

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Though processing time-dependent data has been investigated for a long time, the research on temporal and especially stream reasoning over linked open data and anthologies is reaching its

high point these days. In this tutorial, we give an overview of state-of-the art query languages

and engines for temporal and stream reasoning. On a more detailed level, we discuss the new

language STARQL (Reasoning-based Query Language for Streaming and Temporal ontology Access). STARQL is designed as an expressive and flexible stream query framework that offers

the possibility to embed different (temporal) description logics as filter query languages over ontologies, and hence it can be used within the OBDA paradigm (Ontology Based Data Access

in the classical sense) and within the ABDEO paradigm (Accessing Big Data over Expressive Ontologies).

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What is ontology

Department of Computer Engg, KCES’s COEIT,j algaon

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Although it is required from an ontology to be formally defined, there is no common definition of the term "ontology" itself. The definitions can be categorized into roughly three groups:

  1. Ontology is a term in philosophy and its meaning is ``theory of existence''.
  2. Ontology is an explicit specification of conceptualization.
  3. Ontology is a body of knowledge describing some domain, typically common sense knowledge domain.

The definition 1 is the meaning in philosophy as we have discussed above, however it has many implications for the AI purposes. The second definition is generally accepted as a definition of what an ontology is for the AI community. The last third definition views an ontology as an inner body of knowledge, not as the way to describe the knowledge.

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Type of ontology data

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Type:-

1.Domain ontology

2. Upper ontology

3. Hybrid ontology

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Domain ontology

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A domain ontology (or domain-specific ontology) represents concepts which belong to a part of the world, such as biology or politics. Each domain ontology typically models domain-specific definitions of terms.

For example, the word card has many different meanings. An ontology about the domain of poker would model the "playing card" meaning of the word, while an ontology about the domain of computer hardware would model the "punched card" and "video card" meanings.

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Upper ontology

Department of Computer Engg, KCES’s COEIT,j algaon

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An upper ontology (or foundation ontology) is a model of the common relations and objects that are generally applicable across a wide range of domain ontologies. It usually employs a core glossary that contains the terms and associated object descriptions as they are used in various relevant domain ontology's.

Standardized upper ontology's available for use include BFO, BORO method, Dublin Core, GFO, Cyc, SUMO, UMBEL, the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO), and DOLCE. Word Net has been considered an upper ontology by some and has been used as a linguistic tool for learning domain ontology.

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Hybrid ontology

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The Gellish ontology is an example of a combination of an upper and a domain ontology.

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Components

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Components

Contemporary ontology's share many structural similarities, regardless of the language in which they are expressed. Most ontology's describe individuals (instances), classes (concepts), attributes and relations. In this section each of these components is discussed in turn.

  • Individuals
  • Classes
  • Attributes
  • Relations
  • Function terms
  • Restrictions
  • Rules
  • Axioms
  • Events

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Characteristics

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  1. Requirements analysis.
  2. Needs and data source matching.
  3. Data types in dimensions.
  4. Incomplete input data.
  5. Logical output when querying OLAP systems.

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Example

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Examples of ontology's developed using METHONTOLOGY are :

CHEMICALS (contains knowledge in the field of chemical elements and crystalline structures).

Monatomic Ions (collects information about monatomic ions).

Environmental pollutant ontology's (represent methods to identify various polluting components in water, air, ground, and the maximum permissible concentrations of these substances, considering existing laws).

The reference ontology (basic ontology for describing ontology's of “yellow pages” type directories).

Silicate ontology (simulates the properties of minerals and silicates in particular).

Ontologies developed in the IST-1999-2010,589 MKBEEM project (travel, textile catalogs, housing, used in the Multilanguage e-commerce platform).

Onto Roadmap (meta-ontology, ontology development methodologies, ontology development tools, ontology-related events (conferences, seminars, etc.)).

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Application

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  1. (Onto) Agent (an ontology broker that uses reference ontology as a source of knowledge and finds a description of the ontology's that satisfy the given constraint).
  2. Onto generation (a system using the ontology CHEMICALS and the linguistic ontology of GUM to generate texts in Spanish in response to a query in the field of chemistry).
  3. Onto Road Map application developed as (Onto) Agent.

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Advantages

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  1. Clear organization of specialized knowledge
  2. Possibility of choosing the level of specificity within the system
  3. Systematicity in information retrieval
  4. Systematic and coherent definitions

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Disadvantages

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  1. Great number of ontological languages
  2. Difficulty of turning special knowledge into ontologies
  3. Representation of synonymy
  4. Lack of suitable tools

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Conclusion

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In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of using an ontology-based semantic data integration approach to link heterogeneous data sources to create a pooled data set of IDA. With a semantic data integration approach, many data processing needs and knowledge can be encoded in the ontology, and thus data analysts no longer need to worry about the syntactic, schematic, and semantic heterogeneities in data from different sources.

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Future works

Department of Computer Engg, KCES’s COEIT,j algaon

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A research is a never ending when one does some work in an area.

It is obvious that one can have insight regarding what can be done in future in the area.

Therefore, following are future scope of this research work:

Ranking Scheme: Although in this thesis, we have provided a way to retrieve most relevant responses against a user query. But there is also a future scope to apply a ranking scheme so that most relevant pages/responses can be provided first.

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Reference

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  1. ADL. Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) 2004. Advanced Distributed Learning: Technical report; 2004.Google Scholar

  • Berman S, Semwayo DT. A Conceptual Modeling Methodology Based on Niches and Granularity. ER. 2007;2007:338–358.Google Scholar

  • Constantopoulos, P., Doerr, M., Theodoridou, M. & Tzobanakis, M. (2004). On Information Organization in Annotation Systems, in Proceedings of Dagstuhl Workshop on Intuitive Human Interface for Organizing and Accessing Intellectual Assets, March 1-5, 2004. G. Grieser and Y. Tanaka (Eds.): Intuitive Human Interface 2004. LNAI 3359, pp. 189-200, ISBN: 3-540-24465-4Google Scholar

  • Crofts, N., Doerr, M., Gill, T., Stead, S. & Stiff, M. (2009). Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. 2009, http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/docs/ cidoc_crm_version_5.0.1.doc

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Thank You