TIME for Art
Project realised by Ciurariu Cosminna, Staicu Ana-Maria, Andreica Bianca
Architecture
Architecture
Architecture is the art and profession of designing buildings and structures - from town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to furniture and objects.
The design of a building is one of the first things that will capture your attention. If a building is architecturally remarkable, it often becomes a landmark that defines a city and is visited by tourists from all over the world.
Styles of Architecture
Architectural style is a way of classifying architecture largely by morphological characteristics: form, techniques, materials.
There are a lot of architectural styles in history, we will present 8 of them, the ones that are easiest recognized:
Classical Architecture
This type of architecture refers to the style that was prominently used in ancient Greece and Rome (850 BC to 476 AD).
This architectural style clings to the concept of building structures utilising a set template, being best known for its large religious temples built of stone, designed symmetrically.
Some of the most popular examples of classical architecture are the Acropolis complex in Athens and the Colosseum in Rome.
The Acropolis complex,
Athens
The Colosseum, Rome
Gothic Architecture
This architectural type began in France and spread quickly throughout the continent.
This is a style of stonework that is characterised by three main features: sharply pointed arch, ribbed and vaulted columns, and flying buttress.
Most Gothic buildings are considered UNESCO World Heritage sites. One of the most famous examples of French Gothic architecture is the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, France.
The Notre-Dame Cathedral
Paris, France
Baroque Architecture
This style of architecture originated in Italy in late 16th Century. It was said to be an emotional and dramatic style designed to appeal to the senses.
Baroque architecture includes curving forms such as ovals, as well as concave and convex forms that suggest motion. Another key aspect in this style is distortion: you will see figures that are broken, elongated or manipulated to make them stand out.
Some of the examples of buildings with the Baroque style are St. Paul’s Cathedral in London and Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna.
St. Paul’s Cathedral,
London
Neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture is the revival of Classical architecture (18th Century to early 19th Century)
The style is very reminiscent of the Greek and Roman forms.
Neoclassical architecture is defined by clean, elegant lines, uncluttered appearance, free-standing columns and massive buildings.
Some of the more popular examples are:
- The Bank of England Building in Liverpool,
- The White House in the United States
Bank of England Building,
Liverpool
White House in the United States
Victorian Architecture
This style of architecture refers to buildings that were constructed during the reign of England’s Queen Victoria (1819-1901).
Victorian architecture is not limited to a single particular design being used as a broad term for the revival of some Gothic elements. One characteristic that most Victorian structures share is the “dollhouse” look having elaborate trims, vivid colours, and asymmetrical designs.
A famous example of a buildings with the Victorian style is Royal Albert Hall in London.
Royal Albert Hall,
London
Art Nouveau
Appeared as a reaction to the eclectic styles that dominated Europe.
Art Nouveau manifested itself in architecture in decorative elements: the buildings, full of curved lines, received ornaments inspired by organic shapes such as plants, flowers and animals.
Its first buildings were designed by Belgian architect Victor Horta (Ex: Facade of the Hôtel Solvay - Bruxelles)
The most emblematic exemplars were authored by Gaudi in Spain (Parc Guell).
Parc Guell,
Spain
Hôtel Solvay,
Bruxelles
Modern Architecture
Is an umbrella term that encompasses several different styles (the first half of the 20th century)
The minimalist and modernist style prioritise simplicity of form, clean structure, lack of ornamentation and function over form.
This style also took advantage of the advances in steel, glass and concrete.
The most iconic examples: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater house (USA) and Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye (France).
Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye,
France
Fallingwater house,
The USA
Post-Modern Architecture
Launched by The Post-Modernist architects in the 1960s (as a reaction to the austerity and rigidity promoted by Modern architecture)
The post-modern designs incorporated artistic ornamentation and decorative elements into the building’s façade.
The most prominent structures:
–The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain
–The SIS Building and the No 1 Poultry in London
The Guggenheim Museum
No.1 Poultry, London
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Bibliography
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