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Edzo A. Botjes - - 2025 02 10 @ SVB

Embrace Chaos: Resilience and Antifragility

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README.SLIDES

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Content of this deck is a collection of work by others;�Work of others is referenced per slide.�Therefore this deck is licenced under �Creative Commons By Attribution and Share Alike.

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‘Each generation stands on the shoulders of those who have gone before them’ Stephen Hawking (2017)��‘. . . each giant calling to his brother through the desolate intervals of time . . . ’ Friedrich Nietzsche (1873)

​

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Who am I

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1981 Born � 1992 In IT :)

2005 Full time IT

2024 Self Employed

@Edzob

(.com, LinkedIn, Twitter)

After a while you see patterns

​

Edzo Botjes

Organisational Resilience

Antifragility Architect

Trusted Advisor

ASc Computer Science 2003

BSc Business Information Systems 2006

MSc Enterprise Architecture 2020

PhD Student Cyber Resilience tbd

Counting from 2005

8 Sectors,

40+ Clients,

50+ Assignments

Infra engineer to business strategy

Multiple whitepapers

Thesis/IEEE ~6.000 reads

40+ Blogs

Quoted in Books and Theses

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After a while you see patterns

​

Internships�2005-2006

Consultant @ Sogeti�2006 - 2020

Consultant @ Xebia�2021 - 2023

Self Employed�2024

@Edzob

(.com, LinkedIn, Twitter)

Edzo Botjes

Organisational Resilience

Antifragility Architect

Trusted Advisor

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@Edzob

(.com, LinkedIn, Twitter)

Shift focus towards sharing knowledge

​

​

Research

Educate

Apply

Edzo Botjes

Organisational Resilience

Antifragility Architect

Trusted Advisor

2025-02 @ SVB

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Index

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Index.md

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  1. My Personal Journey
  2. Software, Solutions & Enterprises
  3. A story on Reality
  4. Introduction into Subjective & Objective chaos
  5. How we can use Security & Sensemaking
  6. We can Tackle this!
  7. Summary

Bonus Slides

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My Personal Journey

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Software, �Solutions & Enterprises

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What is an enterprise?

  1. Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064
  2. Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480

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An enterprise is an intentionally created

cooperative of human beings

with a certain societal purpose.

Dietz et al, 2013

… enterprises aims �to fulfil or address certain (perceived) wants and needs �of (certain) societal member of society at large �by delivering products and/or services.

Hoogervorst, 2017

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Why does this matter?

  1. Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064
  2. Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480

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An enterprise is an intentionally created

cooperative of human beings

with a certain societal purpose.

Dietz et al, 2013

… enterprises aims �to fulfil or address certain (perceived) wants and needs �of (certain) societal member of society at large �by delivering products and/or services.

Hoogervorst, 2017

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Why does this matter?

  1. Habermas, J. (1986, June). The theory of communicative action reason and the rationalization of society, volume 1. Polity Press.
  2. Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6
  3. Hoogervorst, Jan A. P. 2018. Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering: Presenting the Employee-Centric Theory of Organization. 1st ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72107-1.

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Why does this matter?

  1. Habermas, J. (1986, June). The theory of communicative action reason and the rationalization of society, volume 1. Polity Press.
  2. Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6
  3. Hoogervorst, Jan A. P. 2018. Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering: Presenting the Employee-Centric Theory of Organization. 1st ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72107-1.

IF an enterprise is a cooperation of people, �with a certain purpose, �THEN our collaboration determines the data �in our systems.

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What does this imply? Take 1

​

  1. Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6
  2. Conway, Melvin E (1968). “How do committees invent? Design organization criteria.” In: Datamation 14.4, pp. 28–31.

IF an enterprise is a cooperation of people, �with a certain purpose, �THEN our collaboration determines the data �in our systems.

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Also known as Conway's Law

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What does this imply? Take 2

  1. Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020, April). Enterprise ontology: A human-centric approach to understanding the essence of organisation (1st ed.). Springer doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6
  2. Conway, Melvin E (1968). “How do committees invent? Design organization criteria.” In: Datamation 14.4, pp. 28–31.
  3. Van Gils, B. (2023). Data in context: Models as enablers for managing and using data. Springer Nature Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4

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Information

Context

Data

Value

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What does this imply? Take 3

  1. Hoogervorst, J. A. (2017). Foundations of Enterprise Governance and Enterprise Engineering https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319721064
  2. Dietz, J. L., et al, (2013). The discipline of enterprise engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263068480
  3. Daft, R., Murphy, J., and Willmott, H. (2010). Organisation Theory and Design. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/761007858

This implies that collaboration �in a team, between teams and with your supplier/ clients is an instantiation of an enterprise,

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​

and thus needs �purposeful design.

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An enterprise is an intentionally created

cooperative of human beings

with a certain societal purpose.

Dietz et al, 2013

… enterprises aims �to fulfil or address certain (perceived) wants and needs �of (certain) societal member of society at large �by delivering products and/or services.

Hoogervorst, 2017

If an enterprise is purposeful, �and it is intentionally designed �then the organisation design plays an important role, �else there is no intention and no purpose.

Daft et al, 2010

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This is not easy!

There be dragons!

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A story on reality

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_of_Athens

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave

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Perspective and information

  1. https://twitter.com/DrNeenaJha/status/1338105837684977664
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20210420224845/https://twitter.com/DrNeenaJha/status/1338105837684977664

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Perspective and information

  1. https://twitter.com/TanMohammedMD/status/1337865483446587392
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20211225221143/https://www.twitter.com/TLHM_MD/status/1337865483446587392

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Perspective and information

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck_illusion
  2. https://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/lessons-from-the-dress-the-fundamental-ambiguity-of-visual-perception

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Reflections and information

https://twitter.com/NicoleBeckwith/status/1277236284470280195/photo/1

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Visualisation and information

  1. https://twitter.com/jimhejl/status/1452814882701824001
  2. https://twitter.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1568102162064113669
  3. https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html
  4. Novick, D., & Kitaoka, A. (2021). The Confetti illusion. Journal of Illusion, 2. https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v2.6152

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Visualisation and information

  1. https://x.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1783764771130785985
  2. https://x.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1783765416286040153
  3. https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html
  4. Novick, D., & Kitaoka, A. (2021). The Confetti illusion. Journal of Illusion, 2. https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v2.6152

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Reflections and information

  1. https://writing.exchange/@XanIndigo/109966588561594572
  2. Novick, D., & Kitaoka, A. (2021). The Confetti illusion. Journal of Illusion, 2. https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v2.6152

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#938DBB

https://writing.exchange/@XanIndigo/109966588561594572

Screenshot�Colorpick

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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Magniphy8x51ms.gif

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_phenomenon

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Hidden Slide

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Rotating Snakes https://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html

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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/rafaelgiraldotenorio_entarch-activity-6681201385402376192-4MNK

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Types of Cognitive/ Mental blindness

  1. inattentional blindness (Karnath & Thier, 2006)
  2. change blindness (Karnath & Thier, 2006)
  3. attentional blink (Karnath & Thier, 2006)
  4. repetition blindness (Karnath & Thier, 2006)
  5. perception blindness (== inattentional blindness) (Proper & Guizzardi, 2021)

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Hidden Slide

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Types of Time

  1. https://www.linkedin.com/in/dani%C3%ABlvanduijn/
  2. https://constantijd.substack.com/p/ik-zie-ik-zie-wat-jij-niet-ziet
  • Clock time: The hand that divides the world, the finger of desire and appropriation, numbers behind economics and accumulation.
  • Curled time: Time of inspiration, the curl of Kairos, seizing the opportunity, concentration.
  • Time orders: Hierarchies that determine who goes first (status), also to-do lists.
  • Natural cycles: The rhythm of all living things, the interplay between ascent and descent, light and dark.
  • Time periods: Stories using dramatic techniques (light, act structure, suspense, framing).
  • Foresight: Imagination of an uncertain future, risk analysis, precautions, and storage.
  • Environmental time: Cultural complex of time agreements: punctuality, meal times, division of labor, and time penalties.
  • Mental time: Personal, specific experience of time through (day)dreaming, memories, hallucinogenic substances, and hormone release in the brain.
  • Space-time: Mobility and transport, search for origins in the cosmos and belonging in cyberspace.
  • Eternity: Ritual time that marks spiritual transition, periods of celebration and abstinence.
  • Finitude: Death that destroys, fire that purifies, end of meaning, completion of the circle.
  • Generation: Birth and new beginning (natality and naivety), creating and nurturing.
  • Now or Never: A type of time that connects all others. Heart that gives direction, courage instead of fear.

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Hidden Slide

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Observation of �reality is broken.

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Subjective Chaos

  1. https://twitter.com/AkiyoshiKitaoka/status/1784009348177604803?t=2AzN2jjLP0cRKIVuyHLSaA
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck_illusion
  3. https://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/lessons-from-the-dress-the-fundamental-ambiguity-of-visual-perception

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Definition of chaos by Lorenz

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz
  2. Lorenz, Edward Norton. 1963. “Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow.” Journal of the atmospheric sciences 20(2): 130–41. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2.

‘When the present determines the future, �but the approximate present �does not approximately determine the future.‘

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Edward Lorenz�May 23, 1917 – �April 16, 2008

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Observation of �reality matters!

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Mental Models and Behaviour

  1. Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.
  2. Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave
  4. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

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Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

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Mental Models are in your head!

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  1. Mack, A. (2003). Inattentional blindness: Looking without seeing. Current directions in psychological science, 12(5), 180-184. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=inattentional+blindness&btnG=
  2. Jensen, M. S., Yao, R., Street, W. N., & Simons, D. J. (2011). Change blindness and inattentional blindness. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2(5), 529-546. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=15061108287799144011&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
  3. SCHNEIER, B., & MACAULAY, T. (2020). Psychology and Usability. Security Engineering, 70-116. https://sid.ethz.ch/debian/rja14-papers/SEv3-ch3-dec18.pdf

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Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

What you do not know,

you can not see [social engineering].

​

What you do not expect,

you can not see [inattentional blindness].

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Subjective chaos & variety of Mental Models

What is amplifying the variety of reality?

  1. Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA.
  2. Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave
  4. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-myths

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Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

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Subjective chaos & Innovation�An example of what is amplifying variety

  1. Huber, D., Kaufmann, H., and Steinmann, M. (2017). Innovation: An Abiding Enigma, pages 11–19. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://books.google.nl/books?id=rzckDwAAQBAJ

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Value of information

  1. Van Gils, B. (2023). Data in context: Models as enablers for managing and using data. Springer Nature Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4 https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-35539-4
  2. Huang, D.-L., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2010). Perception of information security. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(3), 221–232. doi: 10.1080/01449290701679361.
  3. Eling, Martin, Michael McShane, and Trung Nguyen. 2021. “Cyber Risk Management: History and Future Research Directions.” Risk Management and Insurance Review 24(1): 93–125. doi:10.1111/rmir.12169.

How does a chaotic context influence: �the value, and �the protection of this value?

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Information

Context

Data

Value

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So what about objective reality?

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Double Pendulum

  1. Shinbrot, T., Grebogi, C., Wisdom, J., & Yorke, J. A. (1992). Chaos in a double pendulum. American Journal of Physics, 60(6), 491–499. doi: 10.1119/1.16860.
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_pendulum

Two deterministic systems create one non-deterministic system

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1

2

Double Pendulum

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Butterfly Effect

  1. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/complexity-academy_complexitytheory-activity-6625721108249354241-MsJ
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz
  3. Lorenz, Edward Norton. 1963. “Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow.” Journal of the atmospheric sciences 20(2): 130–41. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2.i

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Objective chaos and organisation

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Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

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Objective chaos in IT

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Integrity

Access (Identify & keys)

Virtual Machine

Network & Power

Storage

Database

Middleware

Application

Operating System

HyperVisor

Virtual Network

Compute/CPU

Application 3-Tier Layer

Virtual Machine Layer

Virtualization Layer

Hardware Layer

Configuration

Tools/ Services

Data / Interfaces

(DevOps) LifeCycle Management

Dev & Ops Environment

1

2

Double Pendulum

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Objective chaos in IT

https://xkcd.com/2347

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Objective chaos in IT

  1. Huber, D., Kaufmann, H., and Steinmann, M. (2017). Innovation: An Abiding Enigma, pages 11–19. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://books.google.nl/books?id=rzckDwAAQBAJ

Continuous innovation.

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Techstack is broken

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Chaos & Technology

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  1. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/information-security-consciousness/71645722
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinn_Norton
  3. Norton Q. (2014. May 20). 'Everything is broken'. The Message. Retrieved from: https://medium.com/message/everything-is-broken-81e5f33a24e1#.sc7pf19g3 (accessed June 18, 2020)
  4. https://berthub.eu/prewar/ncsc%20accss%20surf%20keynote%20bert%20hubert-notes.pdf
  5. https://berthub.eu/articles/posts/cyber-security-pre-war-reality-check/

"It’s hard to explain to regular people how much technology barely works, how much the infrastructure of our lives is held together by the IT equivalent of baling wire. Computer, and computing, are broken.”

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- Quinn Norton 2014

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Reality is broken

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Filmjoy on youtube�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oo4H-u3UVhY

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Continuous Chaos

  1. Huber, D., Kaufmann, H., and Steinmann, M. (2017). Innovation: An Abiding Enigma, pages 11–19. Springer International Publishing, Cham.
  2. https://books.google.nl/books?id=rzckDwAAQBAJ
  3. Shinbrot, T., Grebogi, C., Wisdom, J., & Yorke, J. A. (1992). Chaos in a double pendulum. American Journal of Physics, 60(6), 491–499. doi: 10.1119/1.16860.
  4. Derbyshire, J., & Wright, G. (2014). Preparing for the future: Development of an ‘antifragile’ methodology that complements scenario planning by omitting causation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 82, 215–225. doi: 10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2013.07.001.

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Objective and Subjective chaos fuel VUCA

  1. ISO 31.000 <- DNB
  2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.01.001
  3. https://hbr.org/2014/01/what-vuca-really-means-for-you
  4. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-16889-0
  5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility,_uncertainty,_complexity_and_ambiguity

Your reality �inside your organisation, between organisations, and around organisations is VUCA.

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Volatile

Uncertain

Complex

Ambiguous

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Resilience is where

Security meets Sensemaking

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Technology �is not the solution.

"If you think technology can solve your security problems, then you don't understand the problems and you don't understand the technology.”

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- Bruce Schneier, secrets and lies, 2007

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​

​

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Definition of Secure

  1. Schneier, B. (2008). The psychology of security. International conference on cryptology in Africa, 5023, 50–79. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68164-9_5.
  2. Huang, D.-L., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2010). Perception of information security. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(3), 221–232. doi: 10.1080/01449290701679361.

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Secure

in-Secure

Expectation

Observation

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Subjective Story

  1. Schneier, B. (2008). The psychology of security. International conference on cryptology in Africa, 5023, 50–79. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68164-9_5.
  2. Huang, D.-L., Rau, P.-L. P., & Salvendy, G. (2010). Perception of information security. Behaviour & Information Technology, 29(3), 221–232. doi: 10.1080/01449290701679361.

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Secure

in-Secure

Expectation

Observation

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This definition of security,

is not about security.�It is about uncertainty,

and sensemaking

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Enterprise Architecture

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Cynefin Sensemaking

  1. https://thecynefin.co/library/cynefin-weaving-sense-making-into-the-fabric-of-our-world/
  2. https://www.systemswisdom.com/sites/default/files/Snowdon-and-Boone-A-Leader's-Framework-for-Decision-Making_0.pdf
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynefin_framework
  4. https://doi.org/10.1108/08944310510556955
  5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330500755
  6. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5386804

A subjective story�can be tackled by �subjective tools.

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Cynefin Sensemaking

  1. https://thecynefin.co/library/cynefin-weaving-sense-making-into-the-fabric-of-our-world/
  2. https://www.systemswisdom.com/sites/default/files/Snowdon-and-Boone-A-Leader's-Framework-for-Decision-Making_0.pdf
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynefin_framework
  4. https://doi.org/10.1108/08944310510556955
  5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330500755
  6. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5386804

We know we don’t know and thus act differently.

We know things have ripple effects, so we design differently.

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Holistic

approach

Reductionistic

approach

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Watch tips

An Introduction to Residuality Theory �- Barry O'Reilly - NDC London 2024�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MPUoiG6w_U

Dealing with unanticipated needs �– Dave Snowden�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYqWREPb3Lc

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We can tackle this

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  • Optimize Learning

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Resilience &�Antifragility

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Triad of fragility

  1. Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder (Vol. 3). Random House Trade Paperbacks.
  2. Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations.
  3. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd
  4. conference on business informatics (CBI) (pp. 62–71, Vol. 01). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017

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Generic Resilience Definition

Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd conference on business informatics (CBI) (pp. 62–71, Vol. 01). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017

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Three subtypes of resilience

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  1. Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd conference on business informatics (CBI) (pp. 62–71, Vol. 01). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017
  2. Martin-Breen, P. and Anderies, J. M. (2011). The bellagio initiative, background paper, resilience: A literature review. In Resilience: A Literature Review, Brighton:IDS. http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3692.
  3. Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder (Vol. 3). Random House Trade Paperbacks.

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Three subtypes of resilience

  1. Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd conference on business informatics (CBI) (pp. 62–71, Vol. 01). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017
  2. Martin-Breen, P. and Anderies, J. M. (2011). The bellagio initiative, background paper, resilience: A literature review. In Resilience: A Literature Review, Brighton:IDS. http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3692.
  3. Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder (Vol. 3). Random House Trade Paperbacks.

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Impertinent

Recover

Adapt

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Three subtypes of resilience

​

​

  1. Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd conference on business informatics (CBI) (pp. 62–71, Vol. 01). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017
  2. Martin-Breen, P. and Anderies, J. M. (2011). The bellagio initiative, background paper, resilience: A literature review. In Resilience: A Literature Review, Brighton:IDS. http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3692.
  3. Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder (Vol. 3). Random House Trade Paperbacks.

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Impertinent

Recover

Adapt

construction stays the same�functionality stays the same

construction changes�functionality stays the same

construction changes�functionality changes

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The business dilemma

  1. Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd conference on business informatics (CBI) (pp. 62–71, Vol. 01). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017
  2. Martin-Breen, P. and Anderies, J. M. (2011). The bellagio initiative, background paper, resilience: A literature review. In Resilience: A Literature Review, Brighton:IDS. http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/3692.
  3. Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things that gain from disorder (Vol. 3). Random House Trade Paperbacks.

‘Normal’ resilience is not enough, and it is the default language.

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Optimize to learn, change and exploit the unknown

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Optimize

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Mental Models are in your head!

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  1. Mack, A. (2003). Inattentional blindness: Looking without seeing. Current directions in psychological science, 12(5), 180-184. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=inattentional+blindness&btnG=
  2. Jensen, M. S., Yao, R., Street, W. N., & Simons, D. J. (2011). Change blindness and inattentional blindness. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2(5), 529-546. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=15061108287799144011&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
  3. SCHNEIER, B., & MACAULAY, T. (2020). Psychology and Usability. Security Engineering, 70-116. https://sid.ethz.ch/debian/rja14-papers/SEv3-ch3-dec18.pdf

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Mental Model

Behavior

Reality

What you do not know,

you can not see [social engineering].

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What you do not expect,

you can not see [inattentional blindness].

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Learning model of Senge and Hestenes

  1. Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/815873729.
  2. Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

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Mental Model

Building shared vision

Personal�Mastery

Team�Learning

Systems�Thinking

Behavior

Reality

I

III

II

IV

V

!

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Learning model of Senge and Hestenes

  1. Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning organisation. A Currency book. Doubleday/Currency, New York, NY, USA. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/815873729.
  2. Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

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Mental Model

Building shared vision

Personal�Mastery

Team�Learning

Systems�Thinking

Behavior

Reality

I

III

II

IV

V

!

This is the blind spot of Enterprise Architecture.

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Summary

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See - Accept - Act

​

​

Embrace chaos

Chaos is inevitable

Optimize for learning

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Do not focus on �hard controls & requirements.�Be kind.

Decouple to limit impact.

Assume breach.�Assume failure.�Recover, fast !

Exploit the opportunity !

Learn from it !!�Start with PDCA.�Optimize using the 5th discipline.�It is a culture thing a social thing.

Social World

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Appendix�Enterprise Architecture

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Antifragility &�Enterprise Design

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Enterprise Architecture - a view

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Security

Business

Strategy

Information

Information Systems

Infrastructure

Service Management

Information Architecture

Business Architecture

Application Architecture

Technical Architecture

______ Architecture

Common Domains

Business information strategy & planning

Focus on adding value

Application LifeCycle

Scope of responsibility

Enterprise Architect

Solution Architect

System Architect

Across �Value Streams

Across �Systems

Single �Systems

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Enterprise Architecture - a Designed for Digital view

Ross, Jeanne W., et al. Designed for Digital: How to Architect Your Business for Sustained Success. The MIT Press, 2019. DOI.org (Crossref). https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12188.001.0001

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Operational Backbone

A coherent set of enterprise systems, data, and processes supporting a company’s core operations

Shared customer insights

Knowledge about what customers are willing to pay for digital offerings and what their demands are towards digital

Digital platform

A repository of business, data, and infrastructure components used to rapidly configure digital offerings

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Accountability framework

Distribution of responsibilities for digital offerings and components that balances autonomy and alignment

External developer platform

A repository of digital components open to external partners

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A small contribution to The future of E.A.

van Steenbergen, M., Nouwens, H., Eusterbrock, T., & Botjes, E. A. (2023). Survival of the fitting: An essay on Sensemaking Architecture. Sogeti Nederland B.V. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10041096

  1. Human-centred �Respecting the power of the o-organisation.
  2. Flow-oriented�Respecting resilience
  3. Value-sensitive�Respecting subjective reality and purpose
  4. Situational�Respecting continuous chaos

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Causal loop diagram to envision sensemaking architecture

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Appendix�Models

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Extended list of antifragility attributes

Botjes, Edzo. (2020). Defining Antifragility and the application on Organisation Design (1.0) [Zenodo]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3719389

Botjes, E., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021, September). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In 2021 IEEE 23rd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI) (Vol. 1, pp. 62-71). IEEE.

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Chaos in your team, in the behaviour of your app

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Secure

in-Secure

Expectation

Observation

Mental Model

Building shared vision

Personal�Mastery

Team�Learning

Systems�Thinking

Behavior

Reality

I

III

II

IV

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Semiotic Triangle

Ogden & Richards’ Semiotic Triangle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_of_reference

Rousseau D, Billingham J, Calvo-Amodio J. Systemic Semantics: A Systems Approach to Building Ontologies and Concept Maps. Systems. 2018; 6(3):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems6030032

Dietz, J., & Hoogervorst, J. (2017). Foundations of enterprise engineering. TEE-00

van Gils, B. (2023). DATA IN CONTEXT: Models as Enablers for Managing and Using Data. Springer.

A design (term) is input for a personal mental model.

Both the term and the mental model are used to describe what is going on.

Be aware of the subjective and objective chaos in reality!

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Thing in the real world

Term

II

Models

Refers to

Invokes

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Mental Model

Thing in the real world

Term

Behavior

Reality

II

Models

Refers to

Invokes

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Appendix�Videos and Papers

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Work by Barry O’Reilly

  1. An Introduction to Residuality Theory (2020):�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050920305585
  2. The Philosophy of Residuality Theory (2021):�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921007420
  3. The Machine In the Ghost: Autonomy, Hyperconnectivity and Residual Causality (2021)�https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/6/4/81
  4. Residuality Theory, random simulation and attractor networks (2022)�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050922004975
  5. Residuality and Representation: Toward a Coherent Philosophy of Software Architecture (2023)�https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050923010621
  6. Book - Residues: Time, Change, and Uncertainty in Software Architecture.�https://leanpub.com/residuality
  7. An Introduction to Residuality Theory - Barry O'Reilly - NDC Oslo 2023 (52m54s)�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wcUG2EV-7E

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Videos on Reality

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More Videos on Reality�“Proceed with caution, questioning the fabric of reality can lead you to madness or the truth, �and the problem is, you won’t know which is which” - Lex Friedman

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Sources on the mental models, meaning and objects

  1. Ogden & Richards’ Semiotic Triangle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_of_reference
  2. Rousseau D, Billingham J, Calvo-Amodio J. Systemic Semantics: A Systems Approach to Building Ontologies and Concept Maps. Systems. 2018; 6(3):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems6030032
  3. Dietz, J., & Hoogervorst, J. (2017). Foundations of enterprise engineering. TEE-00
  4. van Gils, B. (2023). DATA IN CONTEXT: Models as Enablers for Managing and Using Data. Springer.
  5. Cabrera, D., Cabrera, L., and Powers, E. (2015). A unifying theory of systems thinking with psychosocial applications. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 32(5):534–545.
  6. Dilts, R. and Epstein, T. (1995). Dynamic learning. Meta Publications, Cupertino, CA, USA.
  7. Hestenes, D. (2006). Notes for a modeling theory. In Proceedings of the 2006 GIREP conference: Modeling in physics and physics education, volume 31, page 27. University of Amsterdam Amsterdam
  8. Hestenes, D. (2010). Modeling theory for math and science education. In Modeling students’ mathematical modeling competencies, pages 13–41. Springer.

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Design for Digital - Content

  1. Ross, J. W., Weill, P., & Robertson, D. (2006). �Enterprise architecture as strategy: Creating a foundation for business execution. �Harvard Business School Press. �https://www.worldcat.org/title/1015886391. (book)
  2. 2020 Digital Transformation �- Jeanne Ross by MIT Corporate Relations �https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrX0UemtWVQ (56m07s).
  3. 2019 Designed for Digital �- Jeanne Ross by Pegasystems�https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaRkQZlSu9Q (30m11s)
  4. Digital Design and Transformation �by MIT CISR .. Site with 8 videos on the book of Design for Digital. https://cisr.mit.edu/content/classic-topics-digital-design-and-transformation .

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 0/8

Sections of curated literature:

​

  1. On Complexity Science/ Reality
  2. On Security
  3. On Cyber Security & Cyber Resilience
  4. On Enterprise & Enterprise Engineering
  5. On Enterprise Architecture
  6. On Technical Enterprise Architecture & Software Architecture
  7. On Enterprise Security Architecture
  8. On Zero-Trust�

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 1/8

On Complexity Science/ Reality

​

  1. Heylighen, F., Cilliers, P., & Gershenson, C. (2016). Complexity and Philosophy. Critical Complexity, abs/cs/0604072, 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502590-018
  2. Strikwerda, J. (2023). Organized Complexity in Business: Understanding, Concepts and Tools. In Future of Business and Finance. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25237-2
  3. Jackson, M. C. (2019). Critical Systems Thinking and the Management of Complexity: Responsible leadership for a complex world (1st ed.). Wiley. https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/1084618665
  4. McGilchrist, I. (2021). The Matter With Things: Our Brains, Our Delusions, and the Unmaking of the World. (1–2). Perspectiva Press. https://search.worldcat.org/title/1287050088

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 2/8

On Security

​

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 3/8

On Cyber Security & Cyber Resilience

​

  • Eling, M., McShane, M., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Cyber risk management: History and future research directions. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 24(1), 93–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12169
  • Alhidaifi, S. M., Asghar, M. R., & Ansari, I. S. (2024). A Survey on Cyber Resilience: Key Strategies, Research Challenges, and Future Directions. ACM Computing Surveys, 56(8), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/3649218
  • Sepúlveda Estay, D. A., Sahay, R., Barfod, M. B., & Jensen, C. D. (2020). A systematic review of cyber-resilience assessment frameworks. Computers & Security, 97, 101996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2020.101996
  • Botjes, E. A., van den Berg, M., van Gils, B., & Mulder, H. (2021). Attributes relevant to antifragile organizations. In J. P. A. Almeida, D. Bork, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, H. A. Proper, & T. P. Sales (Eds.), 2021 IEEE 23nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI) (Vol. 01, pp. 62–71). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CBI52690.2021.00017

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On Enterprise & Enterprise Engineering

​

  • Hoogervorst, J. A. P. (2018). Foundations of enterprise governance and enterprise engineering: Presenting the employee-centric theory of organization (1st ed.). Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72107-1
  • Dietz, J. L. G., & Mulder, H. B. F. (2020). Enterprise Ontology: A Human-Centric Approach to Understanding the Essence of Organisation (1st ed.). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38854-6

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Enterprise Security highlighted reference 5/8

On Enterprise Architecture

​

  • Ross, J. W., Beath, C. M., & Mocker, M. (2019). Designed for digital: How to architect your business for sustained success. The MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262542760/designed-for-digital
  • van Steenbergen, M., Nouwens, H., Eusterbrock, T., & Botjes, E. A. (2023). Survival of the fitting: An essay on Sensemaking Architecture. Sogeti Nederland B.V. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10041096
  • Saint-Louis, P., Morency, M. C., & Lapalme, J. (2019). Examination of explicit definitions of enterprise architecture. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 11, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979019866337
  • Saint-Louis, P., & Lapalme, J. (2018). An exploration of the many ways to approach the discipline of enterprise architecture. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 10, 184797901880738. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979018807383
  • Vallerand, J., Lapalme, J., & Moïse, A. (2017). Analysing enterprise architecture maturity models: A learning perspective. Enterprise Information Systems, 11(6), 859–883. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2015.1091951
  • Aven, T. (2021). On Some Foundational Issues Concerning the Relationship Between Risk and Resilience. Risk Analysis, 42(9), 2062–2074. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13848
  • Fjaeran, L., & Aven, T. (2021). Creating conditions for critical trust – How an uncertainty-based risk perspective relates to dimensions and types of trust. Safety Science, 133, 105008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105008

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On Technical Enterprise Architecture & Software Architecture

​

  • Hohpe
    1. Hohpe, G., & Woolf, B. A. (2004). Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions. Addison-Wesley. https://search.worldcat.org/en/title/52901145
    2. Hohpe, G. (2024). Platform Strategy: Innovation Through Harmonization. Leanpub.
    3. Hohpe, G. (2020). The software architect elevator: Redefining the architect’s role in the digital enterprise (First edition). O’Reilly Media.
    4. Hohpe, G. (2020). Cloud Strategy: A Decision-Based Approach to Successful Cloud Migration. Independently Published. http://leanpub.com/cloudstrategy
  • O’Reilly

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On Enterprise Security Architecture

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On Zero-Trust

  • Ross, Ron, Victoria Pillitteri, Richard Graubart, Deborah Bodeau, and Rosalie McQuaid. 2021. Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: A Systems Security Engineering Approach. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.). doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-160v2r1. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-160v2r1.pdf
  • Rose, Scott, Oliver Borchert, Stu Mitchell, and Sean Connelly. 2020. Zero Trust Architecture. National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-207.pdf
  • Bobbert, Yuri, Jeroen Scheerder, and Tim Timmermans. 2022. “Perspectives from 50+ Years’ Practical Zero Trust Experience and Learnings on Buyer Expectations and Industry Promises.” In Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, ed. Kohei Arai. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 864–81. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10467-1_53.
  • Bobbert, Yuri, and Jeroen Scheerder. 2022. “Zero Trust Validation: From Practice to Theory : An Empirical Research Project to Improve Zero Trust Implementations.” In 2022 IEEE 29th Annual Software Technology Conference (STC), Gaithersburg, MD, USA: IEEE, 93–104. doi:10.1109/STC55697.2022.00021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365597807
  • Bobbert, Yuri, and Tim Timmermans. 2024. “Zero Trust and Compliance with Industry Frameworks and Regulations.” : 1--18. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54053-0_43.
  • Migeon, Jean-Hugues, and Yuri Bobbert. 2022. “Leveraging Zero Trust Security Strategy to Facilitate Compliance to Data Protection Regulations.” In Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, ed. Kohei Arai. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 847–63. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10467-1_52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361820473

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