Writing Process: Drafting and Revising
This presentation covers the second phase of the writing process, focusing on drafting and revising. We'll explore techniques for transforming prewriting ideas into structured compositions and refining them for clarity and coherence.
Review: What is Drafting?
1
Focus on Ideas
Writers transform prewriting ideas into complete sentences and paragraphs
2
Structured Form
The draft includes an introduction, body, and conclusion to organize thoughts clearly
3
Mistakes Allowed
Grammar or word choice errors are not the priority—those can be fixed later during revising and editing
4
Experimentation
Drafting allows writers to experiment with their ideas and see how they flow before making improvements
Lesson Objectives
1
Draft a Composition
Draft a well-structured composition based on their prewriting plan
2
Organize Ideas
Organize ideas into a clear introduction, body, and conclusion
3
Revise Draft
Revise their draft by improving sentence structure, word choice, and content organization
4
Apply Feedback
Apply feedback from peers or teachers to make meaningful changes
Unlocking Content Vocabulary
DRAFTING
The stage where writers create a rough version of their work
PREWRITING
The stage where writers brainstorm and plan their ideas before writing
REVISING
The process of improving the content, structure, and clarity of writing
EDITING
The stage where grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors are corrected
PUBLISHING
The final stage where the writing is shared with an audience
Main Points of Drafting (1/2)
1
Formatting
A draft should be written, preferably typed in double space on both sides of the paper. A sufficiently wide margin should be left for corrections and additions.
2
Identification
All drafts should bear the relevant file number and the subject. The reference number of the addressee's letter, if available.
3
Serial Numbers
When two or more letters, notifications etc., are to issue under the same file number, on the same date, to the same addressee, a serial number should always addition to the file number avoid confusion.
4
Enclosures
A draft should show clearly the enclosures which are to accompany the fair copy. The number of enclosures should also be indicated at the end of the draft on the left-hand corner or the page.
Main Points of Drafting (2/2)
1
Approval
The officer over whose signature the communication is, to be issued should initial and date the draft in token of his approval. His designation should invariably be indicating on the draft.
2
Priority Marking
The appropriate priority marking i.e. "Residence" "Immediate" or "Priority" should be indicated on the draft.
3
Dispatch Instructions
If any papers are to be dispatched by special messenger or issued under registered post or under postal certificate, as Express delivery or by Air Mail, necessary instructions should be given on the draft for the of guidance the dispatcher.
4
Endorsements
Endorsement as and when necessary.
Three Fundamentals of Drafting
Audience Awareness
Realize there is someone at the other end who will receive, read, and react to the communication
1
Clear Thinking
Write after careful thinking over the subject matters to avoid rambling and muddled communication
2
Simplicity
Use straightforward language to secure full attention and action
3
These fundamentals ensure effective communication through writing, considering the reader's perspective, clarity of thought, and simplicity of expression.
S.O.S: Save Our Seas! Activity
Use Previous Output
Students use their output from the previous lesson activity as their source material
Create Draft
Guide students in creating the draft of their problem-solution expository essay
Apply Rubric
Teacher evaluates the draft using the provided rubric
Evaluation Rubric: Thesis Statement
Score
Description
5
The thesis statement is exceptionally clear and specific, and it effectively guides the direction of the essay.
4
The thesis argument is clear and specific, providing a concise summary of the main argument or purpose of the essay.
3
The thesis statement is somewhat clear but lacks specificity or focus.
2
The thesis statement is unclear or missing.
Evaluation Rubric: Organization and Structure
Score
Description
5
The essay demonstrates exceptional organization, with a clear and coherent structure that effectively supports the thesis statement.
4
The essay is well-organized, with logical transitions between paragraphs and sections.
3
The essay bears some organizational structure, but transitions between ideas are weak or inconsistent.
2
The essay lacks clear organizational structure, making it difficult to read.
Evaluation Rubric: Content and Development
Score
Description
5
The essay demonstrates exceptional content and development, with thorough exploration of ideas and compelling supporting evidence.
4
The essay provides adequate content and development of ideas, with sufficient supporting evidence and examples to strengthen the argument.
3
The essay includes some relevant content and development of ideas but lacks depth or thorough exploration.
2
The essay lacks sufficient content or development of ideas, with little or no supporting evidence or examples.
Exit Slip: 3, 2, 1
1
3 Things Learned
Write three things you learned from this lesson
2
2 Things to Learn More
List down two things you want to learn more about
3
1 Question
Ask one question about the lesson
Reflection on Learning
A Brighter Mind
A light bulb moment where I had a sudden realization during the lesson was:
This made me think about:
I can apply what I learned from this lesson practically by:
After the students answer their exit slip, the teacher may encourage them to share their answer with the class. The teacher should give the students sufficient time to accomplish their reflection task.
Evaluating Learning: Quiz
1
Question 1
Why is it important to draft before editing?
2
Question 2
What is a key purpose of publishing in the writing process?
3
Question 3
Which of the following best describes revising?
4
Question 4
If a writer wants to improve the clarity of their essay, which stage should they focus on?
5
Question 5
What should a writer do last in the writing process?
Quiz Answers
1
Answer 1
b) Drafting allows writers to focus on ideas without worrying about mistakes
2
Answer 2
b) To finalize and share the work
3
Answer 3
b) Fixing sentence structure and improving ideas
4
Answer 4
b) Revising
5
Answer 5
d) Publish or submit the final work
The Importance of Drafting
1
Refine Ideas
Opportunity to improve and clarify thoughts
2
Organize Structure
Develop a logical flow of information
3
Explore Content
Expand on key points and add supporting details
4
Generate Raw Material
Get initial thoughts on paper without constraints
Drafting is a crucial step in the writing process that allows writers to freely express their ideas before refining them.
Key Elements of a Good Draft
Clear Main Idea
A well-defined thesis or central argument
Basic Structure
An introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion
Logical Flow
Ideas that connect and build upon each other
Room for Improvement
Awareness that the draft will be revised and refined
Common Drafting Challenges
Writer's Block
Difficulty getting started or continuing the writing process
Overwriting
Including too much information or unnecessary details
Lack of Focus
Straying from the main topic or argument
Weak Transitions
Poor connections between ideas or paragraphs
Strategies for Effective Drafting
Set a Timer
Write for a set period without stopping to edit
Use an Outline
Follow your prewriting plan to guide your draft
Write Freely
Don't worry about perfection in the first draft
Take Breaks
Step away and return with fresh eyes
Seek Feedback
Get input from peers or mentors on your draft
The Revision Process
Read
Review the entire draft
1
Analyze
Identify areas for improvement
2
Modify
Make changes to enhance clarity and coherence
3
Review
Assess the impact of changes
4
Repeat
Continue the cycle until satisfied
5
Revision is an iterative process that involves multiple rounds of review and improvement to refine the writing.
Focus Areas for Revision
Content
Structure
Language
Revision Techniques
Read Aloud
Hear how your writing sounds to catch awkward phrasing
Cut and Paste
Rearrange paragraphs or sections for better flow
Color Coding
Use different colors to track various elements (e.g., main ideas, evidence)
Peer Review
Get feedback from others to gain new perspectives
Common Revision Pitfalls
1
Over-editing
Focusing too much on minor details and losing sight of the big picture
2
Resistance to Change
Being unwilling to make significant changes to improve the writing
3
Lack of Objectivity
Being too attached to your writing to see its flaws
4
Rushing the Process
Not allowing enough time for thorough revision
The Role of Feedback in Revision
Seek Feedback
Ask peers, teachers, or mentors to review your draft
Consider Perspectives
Be open to different viewpoints on your writing
Analyze Comments
Carefully consider the feedback you receive
Implement Changes
Make revisions based on valuable feedback
Tools for Drafting and Revising
Various digital tools can assist in the drafting and revision process, from word processors to specialized writing and editing software.
Balancing Creativity and Criticism
Drafting: Embrace Creativity
Revising: Apply Critical Thinking
From Draft to Final Product
1
Initial Draft
Raw ideas and structure
2
Content Revision
Refine arguments and ideas
3
Structural Revision
Improve organization and flow
4
Language Revision
Enhance clarity and style
5
Final Edit
Polish grammar and formatting
The Impact of Effective Drafting and Revision
Clearer Communication
Ideas are more effectively conveyed to the reader
Stronger Arguments
Points are better supported and more persuasive
Improved Coherence
The writing flows more logically and smoothly
Enhanced Credibility
Well-revised work appears more professional and authoritative
Applying Drafting and Revision Skills
Academic Writing
Use these skills to improve essays and research papers
Professional Communication
Enhance business reports and presentations
Creative Writing
Refine stories, poems, and other creative works
Personal Growth
Develop critical thinking and self-reflection abilities
Conclusion: Embracing the Writing Process
1
Continuous Improvement
Writing is a skill that develops with practice and reflection
2
Embrace the Process
Value both the creative aspects of drafting and the analytical aspects of revision
3
Seek Feedback
Collaborate with others to gain new perspectives on your writing
4
Lifelong Skill
Effective writing is valuable in all areas of life and career