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Fundamentals of Micro/Nanotechnologies in biomedical Engineering

Dr. Salah Alzghoul

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WELCOM BACK

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BioMEMS

  • MEMS: Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
  • Definition: systems in micro scale (10-6~10-3 m) that combine electrical and mechanical components and are fabricated using semiconductor fabrication techniques.
  • MEMS integrates functions of sensing, actuation,computation, control, communication, power, etc.
  • Typical MEMS devices: MEMS pressure sensor,accelerometer, microgyroscope, micromotor, resonator,valve, gear, micromirror, optical switch, microneedle, RF capacitor, lab-on-chip, etc.
  • NEMS: Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (10-9~10-6 m).

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  • Advantages of MEMS:
  • Low cost
  • Small size, low weight, high resolution
  • Low energy consumption, high efficiency
  • Multi-function, intelligentized
  • MEMS applications:
  • Automobile industry
  • Medical health care
  • Aerospace
  • Consumer products
  • RF telecommunications
  • Other areas

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What is BioMEMS?

  • MEMS is being applied to biomedical applications and has become a new research field: BioMEMS.
  • BioMEMS is the application of MEMS in the field of Biomedical and Health Sciences.
  • BioMEMS has applications in the fields of microfluidics (biochips, DNA chips, biomedical lab-on-a-chip), smart drug delivery, microsurgical tools, etc.
  • MEMS technology is an engineering solution for biomedical problems.

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  • BioMEMS devices: Size: at least one feature’s dimension in range of 100nm-200μm, and other dimensions of up to several millimeters.
  • Operation: in vivo or in vitro (inside or outside a living system).
  • Power: self-contained or external power sources.
  • Smart systems with integrated microprocessors.
  • Operate as open-ended (sensors/actuators) or closedloop system (autoregulation).

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Applications of BioMEMS

  • Tissue engineering: Develop viable substitutes that restore,maintain, or improve the function of human tissue.
  • nerve regeneration
  • organ repair/replacement
  • skin grafting matissue-scaffolding devices
  • various sensor and stimulating electrodes
  • electroactive polymers as muscle substitutes

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Bio-MEMS Devices

  • Sensors: for current flow, pressure, force, pH …
  • Actuators: pumps and valves (micro-fluidics), neural probes
  • Systems: Integrated micro-fluidics, lab-on-a-chip, DNA chip