1 of 37

2 of 37

PHARMACEUTICS

Colligative properties

3 of 37

  • GROUP MEMBERS
  • Abdullah Shabbir
  • Sameer Shakeel
  • Ali Hamza
  • Faiq Ejaz
  • Muhammad Ahmad

4 of 37

SOLUTION

“Solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more than two pure substances.’’

​

  • Solute: The Substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce homogenous mixture.
  • Solvent: The substance in which solute dissolves to produce homogenous mixture.
  • Dilute Solution: The Solution in which large amount of solvent is present.
  • Concentrated Solution: The solution in which small amount of solvent is present.

5 of 37

  • Aqueous Solution: The Solution in which solvent is water is solvent.
  • Non- Aqueous Solution: The Solution in which solvent is other than water.
  • Solubility: Maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

​

6 of 37

7 of 37

8 of 37

Colligative Properties:

  • Colligative Properties are those properties of solutions which depends only on number of solute particles but not on the nature of solute particle.

​

  • Colligative properties are not dependent on the chemical nature of the solution components.

​

  • Thus, colligative properties can be linked to several quantities that express the concentration of a solution, such as molarity, molality etc.

9 of 37

10 of 37

11 of 37

12 of 37

13 of 37

14 of 37

15 of 37

16 of 37

17 of 37

18 of 37

  • MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION:

19 of 37

20 of 37

21 of 37

  • Graphical Representation:

22 of 37

23 of 37

24 of 37

  • CALCULATION:

25 of 37

26 of 37

27 of 37

28 of 37

29 of 37

  • CALCULATION:

30 of 37

Isotonic Solution:● An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as another solution (usually a reference solution or a cell).● Effect on Cells: When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell. The concentration of solutes inside the cell is in equilibrium with the concentration of solutes in the surrounding solution. As a result, the cell maintains its shape and size without swelling or shrinking

31 of 37

  • Hypotonic Solution:● Definition: A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution (usually a reference solution or a cell).● Effect on Cells: When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will tend to move into the cell (osmosis), causing the cell to swell or even burst (lyse). This happens because the higher concentration of solutes inside the cell creates an osmotic pressure gradient, drawing water into the cell to try to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane.

32 of 37

  • Hypertonic Solution:● Definition: A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution (usually a reference solution or a cell).● Effect on Cells: When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will tend to moveout of the cell (osmosis), causing the cell to shrink or undergo crenation. This occurs because the higher concentration of solutes outside the cell creates an osmotic pressure gradient, drawing water out of the cell to try to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane

33 of 37

34 of 37

APPLICATIONS OF COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

Pharmaceutical Formulation:

  • The application of principles in pharmaceutical formulations is crucial. For example, when preparing medications, it's essential to consider colligative properties to ensure the correct formulation of drugs.
  • Biological and Medical Research:○ Colligative properties such as hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions find various applications in biological and medical research. They are used,for instance, in cell preservation, drug formulations, and the analysis of body fluids.

35 of 37

  • Industrial Supply:
  • Colligative properties are also relevant in industrial supply. For instance, in the manufacturing of minute quantities of medications, considering colligative properties is essential for accurate formulation.

36 of 37

37 of 37

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION