"English and Research Focus Area"

“Línea de Profundización en Inglés e Investigación”

ARBORIZADORA BAJA I.E.D

EDUCACIÓN MEDIA

DESARROLLO DE HABILIDADES DEL SIGLO XXI

Teacher: Alejandro Céspedes H.

Signature Tracking Chart �2nd TERM

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CREATE YOUR 4th Term Cover

Activity: Create your 4th Term Cover (2025) In English and Research Components

Do not forget to include:

• School name - Signature name
• Student name
• Teacher name
• Date: 24TH September 2025

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It represents a grade so create it using your creativity!

Where should we go?

• Title of the research ✓
• Problem statement ✓
• Objectives (general + specific) ✓
• Guiding questions (3–5) ✓
• Final research question ✓

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Where should we go?

• Issue Tree ✓
• SWOT Diagram ✓
• Data Collection ✓
• Population and Sample ✓
• Hypothesis ✓
• Methodology
• Data Analysis

Title of Research

The title is the name of your project.

It should be clear, short, and show what your topic is about.

• A good title includes:
• The main topic
• The population or place
• The focus of your study

Example

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"Bullying in Arborizadora Baja IED: Effects on Student Performance"

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"Waste Management in My Neighborhood: A Community Perspective"

Problem Statement

This is a short paragraph where you explain the issue you're going to study. You describe what is happening, why it's a problem, and who is affected.

• Include:
• A description of the situation
• Why it is important
• Who is involved or affected

Example

In Arborizadora Baja, many students have reported cases of bullying. This situation affects their emotional well-being and their academic performance. Teachers and students don’t always know how to act, and many cases remain invisible.

Objectives of the Research

The objectives tell what you want to do in your research.

• General Objective:
• The main goal of your project.
• What you want to achieve in general.

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• Example: To analyze how bullying affects students in Arborizadora Baja IED.

Objectives of the Research

• Specific Objectives:
• Steps that help you reach the general objective.
• Usually 2 to 4.

Examples:

• To identify the main types of bullying in the school.
• To explore how bullying affects students emotionally and academically.
• To propose actions to reduce bullying.

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Objetivos

GENERAL: Es la meta principal del proyecto. Debe iniciar con un verbo en infinitivo (como analizar, comprender, investigar) y decir qué se quiere lograr en general.

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ESPECÍFICOS: Son los pasos para lograr el objetivo general. También inician con verbo en infinitivo y deben ser concretos y medibles.

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Guiding Questions

Guiding questions are supporting questions that help you explore different parts of your topic.

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They help you understand the problem better and build a path toward your final answer.

Example (School bullying)

• What are the most common types of bullying in school?
• How does bullying affect students' academic performance?
• What do students and teachers do when bullying happens?

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Final Question

The final question is the main question your project wants to answer.

It comes after you've analyzed your guiding questions and chosen the central problem.

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Example (School bullying)

• How does bullying affect students' emotional and academic life in Arborizadora Baja IED?

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• What are the most effective strategies to reduce bullying in our school?

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Relationship

• Guiding Questions= small questions that explore different angles of your topic.

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• Final Research Question= one big question that your entire research will answer.

Issue Tree

It helps to see the problem clearly, not only the problem itself, but also its reasons and its effects.

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In research, this is important because it guides the objectives and the data you need to collect.

Issue Tree

Roots = Causes of bullying in Arborizadora Baja.

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Trunk = Main problem (Bullying in Arborizadora Baja IED).

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Branches = Effects and consequences (academic, emotional, social).

SWOT Diagram

A SWOT Diagram is a tool used in research and planning to analyze a situation or problem. It is usually drawn as a square divided into four parts:

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SWOT Diagram

• Strengths (S): Positive factors inside the group, school, or project.
• Weaknesses (W): Negative factors inside the group, school, or project.
• Opportunities (O): Positive factors outside, in the environment.
• Threats (T): Negative factors outside, in the environment.

Data Collection

It is the process of gathering information to answer the research questions. Without data, the project is only ideas.

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Why is it Important?

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• It gives evidence to support the project.

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• Helps avoid opinions without facts.

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• Allows the researcher to analyze real situations.

Types of Data Collection

• Surveys / Questionnaires

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• Interviews

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• Observation

Quantitative DATA

• Numbers, statistics, measurable facts.

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Example: “30% of students in grade 10 say they have seen bullying.”

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Methods: surveys, questionnaires, counting incidents.

Qualitative DATA

• Words, opinions, descriptions, feelings.

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Example: “A teacher describes how students feel excluded during recess.”

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Methods: interviews, observations, open questions.

Collection DATA

• Create a google form with at least 10 questions in order to collect information related with your project.

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Population

• The population is the entire group of people or elements that the research is interested in.
• It’s usually too big to study completely.

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Example (Bullying in Arborizadora Baja IED):

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Population = “All the students of Arborizadora Baja IED.”

Sample

• The sample is a smaller group, selected from the population, that will actually be studied.
• It must be representative of the population so results are meaningful.

Example:

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Sample = “30 students from grade 10 and 3 teachers.”

Hypothesis in Research

• A tentative answer to the research question.

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• It’s an idea or assumption the researchers want to test with data.

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• It must be written in third person and be verifiable (possible to prove true or false).

Examples

• Bullying negatively affects the emotional well-being of students at Arborizadora Baja IED.
• The inadequate consumption of PAE food negatively influences students’ health at Arborizadora Baja IED.
• The consumption of vapers at school reduces students’ academic concentration at Arborizadora Baja IED.

Hypothesis Introduction

The hypothesis should not appear suddenly.

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A short introduction helps the reader understand why that hypothesis exists.

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It connects the problem statement, objectives, and data collection plan to the assumption being tested.

Example

El bullying se ha convertido en un problema frecuente en la IED Arborizadora Baja, afectando tanto la convivencia como la estabilidad emocional de los estudiantes. Identificar si el bullying tiene un impacto directo en el rendimiento académico resulta esencial para proponer estrategias de prevención. Por lo tanto, se plantea la siguiente hipótesis:

Methodology

Explains how the research will be done.

Includes:

• Type of research (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed).
• Population and Sample.
• Instruments (survey, interview, observation).
• Procedure (step by step of application).

Example

Follow the link to check the Methodology example.

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�CLICK HERE

Data Analysis

Organizing and interpreting the information collected from interviews or surveys.

Steps:

• Organize → Put answers in tables or graphs.
• Summarize → Write short descriptions of results.
• Interpret → Explain what the results mean about the problem and hypothesis.

Minimum: At least 20 interviews.

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Data Analysis

Example (Bullying):

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15 of 20 students (75%) saw bullying.

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12 of 20 (60%) think it affects grades.

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Interpretation: Bullying is frequent and many believe it affects academic performance.

Theoretical Framework

The section where you can collect and explain the concepts, definitions, and previous studies related to their topic.

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Why it matters:

• It shows the project is not just opinions.
• It gives academic and scientific support to the research.
• It helps define key terms clearly.

Example

Follow the link to check the Theoretical Framework example.

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CLICK HERE

Introduction

• It is the first part of the written project (but usually written near the end).
• Its purpose is to present the topic in a general way, explaining the context and why it is important.
• It does not include results or conclusions yet. It only opens the topic and prepares the reader.

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Introduction Example

Example (Bullying): explain what bullying is, why it is a problem in schools, and how it affects students at Arborizadora Baja IED.

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Abstract / resumen

• It is a short summary (150–250 words) of the entire project.
• It includes: problem, objectives, methodology, main results, and conclusions.
• It is written at the very end, but it appears on the first pages of the report.
• It must be in Spanish and English.

Conclusions

The conclusions are the final results of the research. They show what was discovered after analyzing the data.�

Why it matters:

• They answer the research question.
• They check if the objectives were achieved.
• They confirm or reject the hypothesis.

Example

Follow the link to check the CONCLUSIONS example.

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CLICK HERE