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Framing & Storyboard

Week 2

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Earliest Cinema

When the motion picture camera was invented; the shots were simple and straightforward. The filmmakers turned to dramatic presentations they called filmed plays (the camera is positioned as if it were a member of the audience seated in theatre).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_vGEbwUWQ0

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A current TVC

Apple at Work: The Underdogs

https://youtu.be/q6wBXwGRCBc

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Earliest Cinema

Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (The Lumière Brothers, 1896)

Audiences’ reaction: the film undoubtedly astonished people unaccustomed to the illusion created by moving images.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FL_RR1iDA2k

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Earliest Cinema

L’Arroseur Arrosé or The Sprinkler Sprinkled is a silent comedy film from 1895, produced and directed by the Lumière brothers

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Earliest Cinema

The problem is when viewing a play, audiences are watching 3 dimensional objects (caused by distance and actors) but on screen; filmmakers soon realised that it was flat.

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Earliest Cinema

So what they did was to breakup the action into shots and sequences (separation) to create fragments of reality. Because the filmmaker is telling the story, he/she determines which fragments of reality is seen and in particular order (later called editing)

Life of an American Fireman:

https://youtu.be/p4C0gJ7BnLc

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Earliest Cinema

Cinema technique is all about manipulating shots and sequence that isolating part of it to look at and in what order to see them.

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Cinematography

  • Motion picture/Film/Video is made up of many shots.
  • Each shot requires placing the camera in the best position for that particular moment in the narrative.
  • Shot is continuous view shot by one camera without interruption.
  • Sequence is a series of scenes, or shots, complete in itself.
  • Scene defines the place or setting where the action is laid.
  • A scene may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous event.

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Shot Size

The shot size determines how large the area that’s visible within the frame.

  1. Extreme wide shot
  2. Wide shot
  3. Medium wide shot
  4. Medium shot
  5. Medium close-up shot
  6. Close-up shot
  7. Extreme close-up shot

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Shot Size

John Lewis Christmas Advert 2014

https://youtu.be/i1Ii27b5uEs

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Wide shot - W.S

A wide shot includes the entire subject and important objects in the immediate surroundings. If it's used at the beginning of a scene it's often called an "establishing shot”.

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Medium shot - M.S

A medium shot shows the subject that are important to understanding - Gesture and expression, from the person waist up, letting hands and the lower half of his body fall outside the frame.

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Medium shot - M.S

A medium shot shows the subject that are important to understanding - Gesture and expression, from the person waist up, letting hands and the lower half of his body fall outside the frame.

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Medium close-up shot - M.C.U

Medium close up films subject character from approximately midway between waist and shoulders to above the head.

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Over the shoulder shot - O.S

The over-shoulder shot shows the subject from behind the shoulder of another person.

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Over the shoulder shot - O.S

The over-shoulder shot shows the subject from behind the shoulder of another person.

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Shot Size

"Unsung Hero", Thai Life Insurance Ad

https://youtu.be/uaWA2GbcnJU

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Extreme wide shot - E.W.S

Shows a broad view of the surroundings around the character and conveys scale, distance, and geographical location. It's used to show where character is in his/her environment.

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close-up shot - C.U

A close-up is used to isolate the most important part of the subject. For a speaker, this is generally the head, or small object.It emphasizes facial expression, details of a object.

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Medium wide shot - M.W.S

A medium wide shot shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the knees. It is wide enough to show the physical setting in which the action is taking place, it permit a nice balance of figure and surrounding.

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Close-up shot - C.U

A close-up is used to isolate the most important part of the subject. For a speaker, this is generally the head, or small object.It emphasizes facial expression, details of a object.

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Extreme close-up shot - E.C.U

An extreme close-up single out a portion of the face magnifies a detail. The object is to focus on important detail either to increase the drama or impact on a situation or to allow the viewer to see necessary picture information more clearly.

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Can you recognize the shot size?

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Shot Size

The shot size determines how large the area that’s visible within the frame.

  1. Extreme wide shot
  2. Wide shot
  3. Medium wide shot
  4. Medium shot
  5. Medium close-up shot
  6. Close-up shot
  7. Extreme close-up shot

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Camera Angle

Composition: Rule of thirds divides the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically. The points where the vertical and horizontal lines cross are aesthetically pleasing spots to place subjects or to have perspective lines converge

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Composition: Rule of thirds

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Composition: Rule of thirds

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Facial modelling is best when subject is turned 45º (¾ angling) to the camera. Front and side of the face, if properly lighted will appear round and eyes are displayed fully.

Subject Angle: Composition

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3 Dimensional solidity is most pronounced when 2 or more surfaces are photographed. Angling the camera in relation to the subject so that two sides of the objects are viewed, results in the most effective rendition

Subject Angle: Composition

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centra.

Subject Angle: Composition

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Eye-level angle camera films from the eye level of an observer of average height or from the subject’s eye level.

Camera Angle: Subject Height

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Camera height is as important as camera distance and angle but often disregarded.

Artistic, dramatic and psychological overtones may be contributed to the story-telling by adjusting the height of the camera to the subject.

Camera Angle: Subject Height

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The low angle shot is any shot in which the camera is tilted upward to view the subject. Low angle shot can make a character look bigger, stronger, or more noble. It also gives the impression of height.

Camera Angle: Subject Height

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A high angle shot is an y shot in which the camera is tilted downward to view the subject. A high angle shot can make a character look smaller, younger, weak, confused, or more childlike.

Camera Angle: Subject Height

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Screen Direction

Dynamic Screen Direction: Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction only . A series of shots of a person walking, a car driving, a plane flying – should move in the same direction to show progression.

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Dynamic Screen Direction

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Screen Direction

Dynamic Screen Direction

Fabogesic: Moving

https://youtu.be/r0smZa8O4YI

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Dynamic Screen Direction: Fabogesic: Moving

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Dynamic Screen Direction: Fabogesic: Moving

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Dynamic Screen Direction: Fabogesic: Moving

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Dynamic Screen Direction: Fabogesic: Moving

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Screen Direction

Static Screen Direction: When planning shots with two characters, you need to understand the camera movement in relation to the 180º rule. zThe rule enforces the camera stay on a horizontal axis and not cross sections so that it will disorient the viewer. The horizontal axis is called “ Line of Action

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180º Degree Rule

If Camera 2 and Camera 3 are used, the audience stays on one side of the line of action. These shots are called "reverse angle shots".

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180º Degree Rule

If Camera 2 and Camera 4 are used, the audience crosses the line of action. It's disorienting and confusing.

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Screen Direction

Static Screen Direction: 180º Degree Rule

What's Virgin Mean? | Future Shorts

https://youtu.be/f15shbsOT8Y?si=f8hhLspMmXoPKP8O

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Static Screen Direction: 180º Degree Rule: What's Virgin Mean?

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Static Screen Direction: 180º Degree Rule: What's Virgin Mean?

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Static Screen Direction: 180º Degree Rule: What's Virgin Mean?

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Framing shooting Exercise Reminder

  • Shoot wide shot with wide angle.
  • The rest ZOOM IN to get soft background.
  • Refer to the examples provided or google references for GOOD composition.
  • Avoid overexposed or underexposed (too bright or too dark).
  • Do the shooting during day time.
  • Shoot landscape format video, 5 seconds per shot.
  • Edit with CAPTION (Mention the shot size), export video for submission.

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Premiere Pro Editing Exercise 1