Chapter 17 The Civil War (1861-1865)

Lesson 3 Life During the War

Life at Home

• Many teenagers served in the military
• Schools closed during the war in some areas
• Schools and churches served as hospitals

Shortages in the South

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• Both armies were in the South, —> South suffered the greatest destruction
• Families lost their homes and crops
• During the war: shortages of food, supplies, and even household items

Treating the Sick and Wounded

• 1000s of women served as nurses
• Many believed that nursing was for men
• Strong minded women said otherwise
• Mary Edwards Walker became the first woman army surgeon also won Congressional Medal of Honor

More Notable Women

• Dorothea Dix convinced officials to allow women to work as nurses and also recruited women to serve
• Clara Barton worked with wounded soldiers
• Sally Tompkins established a hospital for soldiers in Richmond, Virginia

Spies

• Women also served as spies for both sides
• Some women became soldiers
• Loretta Janeta Velazquez fought for the South
• Harriet Tubman was a spy

Wordle

https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html

In the Hands of the Enemy

• Prison camps
• Prisoners could keep a blanket and a cup
• Food shortages l
• Prisons were overcrowded and many died (mostly from disease)

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Field Hospitals

• Hospitals were set up by battlefields
• Doctors struggled to care for all the wounded
• Diseases often killed more soldiers than battle

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In the South

• Many Southerners oppose war
• Bread riots erupted in the South because of hungry people
• A mob, of mostly women and children, met in Richmond for a peaceful protest
• Soon they started rioting

In the North

• The Democratic Party split into War Democrats and Peace Democrats
• War Democrats were critical of leadership
• The Peace Democrats wanted an end to fighting
• The Peace Democrats were called Copperheads

Jail Without Trial

• Lincoln suspends habeas corpus
• People could be put in jail without a trial
• 1000s were put in jail
• In the South, Jefferson Davis also suspended Habeas Corpus

Draft Laws- The South

• Both sides had trouble recruiting troops
• Confederate Congress passed draft law
• Able-bodied white men between 18 and 35 had to serve for 3 years
• Later changed from 17 to 50
• A man could also hire a substitute to serve for him

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Draft Laws- In the North

• The North offered a bounty for volunteers (at first)
• The Union also passed a draft law
• All men 20 to 45 had to register
• They too could hire a substitute or could pay $300

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Draft Laws

• Antidraft feelings led to riots
• New York City: members of the working class attacked government and military buildings
• After four days, more than 100 were dead
• Federal troops had to stop the riots

Economic Effects

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• Both economies strained
• The two governments paid for the war in three ways
• 1. Sold bonds
• 2. Imposed new taxes
• 3. Printed money

The North Prospers

• Northern industry prospered
• They produced guns, ammunition, shoes, and uniforms
• Prices rose fast wages didn’t
• This inflation caused a great hardship
• Still, the Northern economy boomed during the war years

Economic Troubles in the South

• In the South, the war destroyed farmland and railroad lines
• The blockade prevented the shipping of trade goods
• Food shortages led to riots
• Inflation was worse in the South