October 11th, 2024
Jesse Therien
Yellowstone-Teton Clean Cities
jesse@ytcleancities.org
Advancing Affordable, Efficient, and Clean Transportation
Clean Cities and Communities is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) partnership to advance clean transportation nationwide. More than 75 DOE-designated Clean Cities and Communities coalitions work locally in urban, suburban, and rural communities to strengthen the nation’s environment, energy security, and economic prosperity. As partners with DOE’s Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO), coalitions work to deploy affordable, efficient, and clean transportation; energy efficient mobility systems; and fuel-saving technologies and practices.
Coalition Expertise
Coalition staff provide the technical expertise local decision makers and fleets need to bring clean transportation solutions to their communities. This expertise includes how to:
Evaluate clean transportation options
Develop strategies to reduce emissions
Build collaborative relationships
Shift to efficient and clean transportation energy sources
Evaluate clean transportation options
Develop strategies to reduce emissions
Build collaborative relationships
Shift to efficient and clean transportation energy sources
https://afdc.energy.gov/tools
Available tools we use and you can use
https://afdc.energy.gov/tools
Renewable Diesel
Public Stations
What is Renewable Diesel?
It is NOT Biodiesel
While both Renewable Diesel and Biodiesel share the same feedstocks - vegetable oil and animal fats;
Properties Comparison
https://advancedbiofuelsusa.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/11-0307-Biodiesel-vs-Renewable_Final-_3_-JJY-formatting-FINAL.pdf Aug 2021
Higher Cetane = higher combustion efficiency = increased fuel efficiency = lower emissions
Production of
Renewable Diesel vs. Biodiesel
Production
New Plants in the last year
Jan 2022
8 New Plants in 2022-2023
Production
Traditional hydrotreating—Used in petroleum refineries, hydrotreating involves reacting the feedstock (lipids) with hydrogen under elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. Commercial plants currently use this technology.
Montana Renewables/Calumet - Great Falls, MT
HF Sinclair - Sinclair, WY
Marathon - Dickinson, ND
HF Sinclair - Cheyenne, WY
Production
Montana Renewables/Calumet - Great Falls, MT
Opened late 2022: 1,250,000 gallons/day
378,000 gallons Renewable Diesel 84,000 Renewable Jet Fuel (SAF)
84,000 Renewable Gasoline (Naptha)
Lots of Renewable Propane
625,000 gallons petroleum-based
Chemical Comparison
Complex mixture of hydrocarbons in the range of C8-C25 including paraffins, aromatics, sulfur and other impurities
Petroleum diesel
Renewable Diesel
Narrow range of paraffins only: C15-C19
No aromatics, no sulfur, no metals
Chemical Comparison
Complex mixture of hydrocarbons in the range of C8-C25 including paraffins, aromatics, sulfur and other impurities
Petroleum diesel
Narrow range of paraffins only: C15-C19
No aromatics, no sulfur, no metals
Renewable Diesel
~25%
~75%
Chemical Comparison
Complex mixture of hydrocarbons in the range of C8-C25 including paraffins, aromatics, sulfur and other impurities
Petroleum diesel
Renewable Diesel
Narrow range of paraffins approx: C15-C18
No aromatics, no sulfur, no metals
~25%
~75%
100%
Combustion Comparison
Petroleum diesel
Renewable Diesel
Benefits
Emissions -> Maintenance
CO2 Emission Benefits
California Air Resources Board
77% less
Typical claims: 65-75% fewer CO2 emissions
Emissions and GHG
Feedstocks
US Feedstock inputs 2022 (RD and BD)
$63,000/year fuel premium = 8 electric transit buses
8 electric transit buses would cost about $7,200,000��So, you could run RD for 114 years for the cost of 8 eBuses��Or, simply running R12 = 1 eBus
$7,560/year (Fuel Premium) = CO2 reductions on par with an $800,000 eBus
Idaho National Lab Example
CO2 emitted by 374,000 gallons of Diesel in 90 motorcoaches
MT of CO2 emitted by 374,000 gallons of Diesel
Current Blend Average (R44)
R99 Summer + R20 Winter
R25 Spring + R99 Summer
R25 Fall + R10-R15 Winter
or
R55
or
10x
R45
or
30x
(R99 Summer + R0 Winter)
34% Reduction
7%
1.5% Renewable Diesel
= 1 Electric Bus
45% Renewable Diesel
= 30 Electric Bus
Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF)
Maintenance Estimates
Maintenance | | Pet Diesel | Savings (R99) | Current (R44) | R99 |
Fuel Filter Changes | ($30/filter 0.5 hours) | $780.00 | 87.50% | $221.59 | $97.50 |
Hours maintenance reduced/vehicle | 5 hours/mo reduction/vehicle | $0.00 | $8,100 | -$3,564.00 | -$8,100.00 |
DEF consumption | DEF:Diesel = 1:50 ($4/gal) | $332.32 | 15% | $113.29 | $49.85 |
90 | coaches | 422 | hrs of yearly maintenance* |
373,863 | gallons | $55,858 | hrs of yearly maintenance |
$135 | hourly mech rate | $5,921.00 | Estimated parts/bus* |
8 | Fuel filters/yr | | |
*
Maintenance Estimates
%RD | Maintenance Costs/bus | Per fleet of 90 | | Maintenance Savings/bus | Maintenance Savings/fleet | fuel premium/bus | fuel premium/fleet | Fleet Savings @ $0.50 above #2 |
0 | $62,891.00 | $5,660,190.00 | | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 |
5 | $62,437.75 | $5,619,397.62 | | $453.25 | $40,792.38 | $103.85 | $9,346.58 | $31,445.81 |
10 | $61,984.50 | $5,578,605.23 | | $906.50 | $81,584.77 | $207.70 | $18,693.15 | $62,891.62 |
15 | $61,531.25 | $5,537,812.85 | | $1,359.75 | $122,377.15 | $311.55 | $28,039.73 | $94,337.43 |
20 | $61,078.01 | $5,497,020.46 | | $1,812.99 | $163,169.54 | $415.40 | $37,386.30 | $125,783.24 |
25 | $60,624.76 | $5,456,228.08 | | $2,266.24 | $203,961.92 | $519.25 | $46,732.88 | $157,229.05 |
30 | $60,171.51 | $5,415,435.69 | | $2,719.49 | $244,754.31 | $623.11 | $56,079.45 | $188,674.86 |
35 | $59,718.26 | $5,374,643.31 | | $3,172.74 | $285,546.69 | $726.96 | $65,426.03 | $220,120.66 |
40 | $59,265.01 | $5,333,850.93 | | $3,625.99 | $326,339.07 | $830.81 | $74,772.60 | $251,566.47 |
45 | $58,811.76 | $5,293,058.54 | Current Avg | $4,079.24 | $367,131.46 | $934.66 | $84,119.18 | $283,012.28 |
50 | $58,358.51 | $5,252,266.16 | R10 Winter Avg | $4,532.49 | $407,923.84 | $1,038.51 | $93,465.75 | $314,458.09 |
55 | $57,905.26 | $5,211,473.77 | R20 Winter Avg | $4,985.74 | $448,716.23 | $1,142.36 | $102,812.33 | $345,903.90 |
60 | $57,452.02 | $5,170,681.39 | | $5,438.98 | $489,508.61 | $1,246.21 | $112,158.90 | $377,349.71 |
65 | $56,998.77 | $5,129,889.01 | | $5,892.23 | $530,300.99 | $1,350.06 | $121,505.48 | $408,795.52 |
70 | $56,545.52 | $5,089,096.62 | | $6,345.48 | $571,093.38 | $1,453.91 | $130,852.05 | $440,241.33 |
75 | $56,092.27 | $5,048,304.24 | | $6,798.73 | $611,885.76 | $1,557.76 | $140,198.63 | $471,687.14 |
80 | $55,639.02 | $5,007,511.85 | | $7,251.98 | $652,678.15 | $1,661.61 | $149,545.20 | $503,132.95 |
85 | $55,185.77 | $4,966,719.47 | | $7,705.23 | $693,470.53 | $1,765.46 | $158,891.78 | $534,578.76 |
90 | $54,732.52 | $4,925,927.08 | | $8,158.48 | $734,262.92 | $1,869.32 | $168,238.35 | $566,024.57 |
95 | $54,279.27 | $4,885,134.70 | | $8,611.73 | $775,055.30 | $1,973.17 | $177,584.93 | $597,470.37 |
100 | $53,826.03 | $4,844,342.32 | | $9,064.97 | $815,847.68 | $2,077.02 | $186,931.50 | $628,916.18 |
Estimated maintenance per 90 motorcoaches
Current Blend Average (R44)
R55
Can reduce maintenance by an additional $81,585
R55
R45 can reduce maintenance costs by $367,000
Estimated maintenance per motorcoach
Current Blend Average (R44)
R55
Can reduce maintenance by an additional $907
R55
R45 can reduce maintenance costs by $4,079
(Fuel Premium $934)
(Fuel Premium $208)
$1 spent on Renewable Diesel
= $2.18 in Maintenance Savings
Now $1 spent on Renewable Diesel
=$4.36 in Maintenance Savings
In 2023, when RD was $1 above #2
Now, when RD is $0.50 above #2
ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
(Europe uses EN = Euronorm)
All Diesel fuel must meet ASTM D975
Courtesy of
Conrad & Bischoff,
a brand of Parkland USA
R99
R5
#1 (R0)
Fuel Testing - Cetane
Fuel Testing - Cetane
Cetane Booster to Petroleum Diesel
Diesel Fuel +Cetane Boost
Diesel Kleen +Cetane Boost
R0 = 45 Cetane
R0 = 46-48
R0 = 48-51
R99 = 67
R99= 80-95 other samples
R50 = 57
Courtesy of
Conrad & Bischoff,
a brand of Parkland USA
ASTM Fuel Standards
Cloud Point (CP)
Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)
Tests lubricity of diesel
Tests cetane number (ignition characteristics)
Not required under D975
Required under D975
Fuel Testing - CFPP/CP
Courtesy of
Conrad & Bischoff,
a brand of Parkland USA
R99
R5
#1 (R0)
Fuel Testing - CFPP
Example Fuel Analysis
Courtesy of Conrad & Bischoff,
a brand of Parkland USA
Cold Filter Plugging Point | CFPP | |
| Temperature (°F) | Cetane |
#1 Diesel | -31 | 45 |
#1 w/ additive | -40 | 47* |
R5 | -45 | 57 |
R99 | -6 | 67 |
| | |
CFPP
Courtesy of
Conrad & Bischoff,
a brand of Parkland USA
100% #1 Diesel
1:750 treatment
(Recommended 1:500 = $0.14/gal)
5% Renewable Diesel
R5 14F decrease
$0.05/gal
($0.004/degree)
Additive
1:750 9F decrease
$0.05/gal
($0.006/degree)
CFPP | | |
| Temp (°F) | Cetane |
#1 Diesel | -31 | 45 |
#1 with additive | -40 | 47* |
R5 | -45 | 57 |
R99 | -6 | 67 |
*Not tested - this is an estimate
#1
Freezing-Point Depression
20% % WATER 100%
Freezing Point of Ethanol
Prinoth
Operates 6 resorts in Sweden & Norway, started using RD in 2016, and completely switched over in 2018
Prinoth
CO2
RD
Petro Diesel
PistenBully
Recent Adopters
In the US
Cost/Pricing
�Varies greatly from region to region
ID - $0.20/gal premium
NJ - $0.25/gal premium
MT - $0.75-1.30/gal premium
WY - $0.20/gal premium
CA - similar to #2
WA - similar to #2
OR - similar to #2
Example of MOPAR owner’s manual
All diesel vehicles and equipment can use Renewable Diesel
*Same ASTM specifications = treated same as #2, #1 diesel for warranties etc, unlike biodiesel