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Students’ Awareness, Participation in Mudball-Based Activities, and Learning Quality for SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation Among Students at Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah (PSIS)

PAPER ID: 231

MAHANON BINTI MUHAMMAD,

POLITEKNIK SULTAN IDRIS SHAH, SELANGOR

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ABSTRACT

This quantitative pilot study examines whether participation in Mudball-Based activities with TVET higher education students at Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah can contribute to the awareness of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), with regard to the drainage restoration initiative. This study aimed to identify students' perceptions of mudball-based drainage restoration as a practical clean water intervention, to assess students' awareness of water quality and sanitation issues, and to examine how participation in mudball-based restoration activities can improve perceptions of learning quality. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire involving 37 students who participated in a mudball-based drainage restoration program. The instrument captured students’ views on mudball remediation, their awareness of clean water and sanitation challenges, and their learning experiences across cognitive, affective, and experiential dimensions using a five-point Likert scale. The result showed that students generally viewed mudball-based drainage restoration positively and they are more aware of the water sustainability issues such as ecosystem degradation, eutrophication, and inefficient water use. The program has also indirectly improved the quality of students’ learning, especially in terms of engagement, understanding, and the connection between the theoretical aspects in the classroom and the practical session in the field. Nonetheless, this study offers valuable early evidence that mudball-based drainage restoration can serve as an effective educational strategy for promoting clean water awareness and meaningful learning aligned with SDG 6.

Keywords: SDG 6; mudball remediation; environmental awareness

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PAPERID:231

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TABLE OF CONTENTS�

RELATED WORKS

OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

RESULT & DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEMS

REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION

IoT requires efficient, scalable, and secure communication protocols in resource-constrained environments
6LoWPAN enables IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4, but IPv6 headers introduce high overhead [1].
IPHC (RFC 6282) [2] and SCHC (RFC 8724) [3] reduce header overhead.
DTLS is crucial for securing CoAP, but adds header and handshake overhead [4].
This study evaluates IPHC + SCHC + DTLS integration in simulation (Cooja) and real-world testbed (CC2538)

PAPERID: 212

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PROBLEMS STATEMENT

PAPERID:231

Existing works show SCHC and IPHC improve packet efficiency, but focus mainly on LPWAN or idealized simulation settings [7][8].

COMPRESSION STUDIES

The majority of research relies on simulation-only results, which do not capture interference, hardware constraints, or timing issues [6].

VALIDATION ISSUE

Limited studies combine header compression with DTLS; most evaluate them separately [4][10].

SECURITY INTEGRATION

No comprehensive simulation vs real-world comparison exists for integrated IPHC + SCHC + DTLS in 6LoWPAN multi-hop networks

OPEN CHALLENGE

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OBJECTIVES:

To identify students' perceptions of mudball-based drainage restoration as a practical clean water intervention

To examine how participation in mudball-based restoration activities can improve perceptions of learning quality

To assess students' awareness of water quality and sanitation issues

PAPER ID:231