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ELECTROSTATICS

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PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC CHARGES

  • Charges are conserved
  • Charges are additive in nature
  • Charges are quantised.

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PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC CHARGES

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PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE

We can get electric charge by three ways

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  1. By friction or rubbing
  2. By conduction
  3. By induction

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CHARGING BY FRICTION

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CHARGING BY CONDUCTIN

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CHARGING BY INDUCTION

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ELECTROSTATIC FORCE AND GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

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ELECTRIC FIELDS

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ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

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ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

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DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC FIELD LINES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

This are the imaginary lines along which a unit positive charge moves when it left free inside an electrostatic field.

properties of electric field lines

(a) Electric field lines are continuous curves. They start from a positive charge and end at a negatively charge body.

(b) Tangent to the electric field line at any point gives the direction of electric field intensity at that point.

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DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC FIELD LINES AND THEIR PROPERTIES

  • No two electric field lines of force can intersect each other.
  • The electric field lines of force are always normal to the surface of a conductor.
  • The field lines contract longitudinally on account of arrtraction between unlike charges.
  • The electric field lines exert a lateral pressure on account of repulsion between like charges.

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PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION OF FORCES

  • The net force experienced by any charge in a group of charges is the vector sum of the forces acting on it due to rest of the charges of the group.
  • Mathematically : Force on charge q1, q2 , q3 ………qn due to charge q0 can be given as
  • F0 = F1 +F2 +F3 ………….Fn (in vector form)

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CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTION

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CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTRION

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ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT

  • A pair of equal and opposite point charges separated by a very small distance is known as electric dipole.
  • Ideal dipole is just a point dipole, it has negligible size
  • The strength of a dipole is called dipole mement. It is a vector quantity. It is denoted by letter P
  • P = q x 2a
  • Where q = electric charge and 2a is length of the dipole.
  • The unit of dipole moment is Coulomb X metre.

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ELECTRIC FLUX

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GAUSS’S THEOREM

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APPLICATION OF GAUSS’S THEOREM

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ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY DUE TO AN INFINITE PLANE SHEET OF CHARGE

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ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY DUE TO A UNIFORMLY CHAGED SPHERICAL SHELL

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