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SAN FRANCISCO BAY �BOATING AND �FISHING

© Thomas Hawk

A brief overview of opportunities on the water

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OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION

  • Introduction to the San Francisco Bay
  • Science of marine conservation
  • Deep dive into local marine protected areas (MPAs)
  • Species you may encounter
  • Guide to fishing around San Francisco
  • Local engagement with your coast

© California Sea Grant

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WELCOME TO SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY

SAN FRANCISCO

POINT ARENA

SAN JOSE

Monterey BAY

Crescent City

Ukiah

Bodega Bay

Point Arena

Fort Bragg

Crescent City

Ukiah

Bodega Bay

Point Arena

Fort Bragg

Google Earth

YOU ARE

HERE!

  • Founded June 29, 1776 by Spain

  • With density of 18,000 people per square mile, San Francisco is most densely populated city in California

  • The San Francisco Bay Area is home to 10 MPAs and 6 Special Closures:
    • 5 SMCAs (State Marine Conservation Area) = blue
    • 5 SMRs (State Marine Reserves) = red
    • Adjacent to the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (NMS) and Monterey Bay NMS

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INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN SAN FRANCISCO AREA

Ohlone are the predominant Indigenous group, including:

  • Chochenyo & Karkin in East Bay
  • Ramaytush in San Francisco
  • Yokuts in South Bay & Central Valley
  • Muwekma tribe –regional

Ohlone traded salt, mussels, abalone shells and dried abalone meat. So abundant was the wildlife near Mission Bay that fish could be scooped up by basketful.

Other indigenous tribes in the are include: Graton Rancheria community (Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo), Kashaya, Patwin, Mishewal Wappo in the North Bay, and Bay Miwok in the East Bay.

© Museum of Cal History

© Museum of Cal History

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MODERN DAY NATIVE COMMUNITIES

  • Bay Area one of largest populations of Intertribal Native Americans in country with people from SW, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodlands

  • California now home to ~200 tribes, 109 of which are federally recognized

© Anza Trail NPS

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SAN FRANCISCO BAY WETLANDS, MARSHES, AND SWAMPS

  • Largest estuary on West Coast
  • Estuaries act as a doorway for ocean fish who spawn in freshwater streams such as coho salmon and steelhead trout
  • Protection for juveniles
  • 90% of the Bay Area’s salt marshes have been developed
    • Crissy Field in Golden Gate is an example of a successful salt marsh restoration project

© Cal Academy of Science

© Bill Larkin

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COASTAL RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES

FISHING

HIKING

SURFING

@Rene Rivers

© prayitno

© Ali Weheda

© Demed

© Katelyn Sprofera

© Matt Lentz

© Charlie Day

WILDLIFE WATCHING

DIVING

KAYAKING

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HARBORS & MARINAS

  1. Loch Lomond Marina
  2. Travis Marina
  3. Marina Bay Yacht Harbor
  4. Berkeley Marina
  5. Emeryville Marina
  6. Treasure Isle Marina
  7. Pier 39 Marina
  8. Fisherman’s Wharf
  9. San Francisco Marina Yacht Harbor
  10. South Beach Harbor
  11. Oyster Point Marina
  12. Pillar Point Harbor

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BOAT RAMPS & LAUNCHES

  1. Turney Street Boat Ramp
  2. Boat Ramp Street (Richmond)
  3. Berkeley Marina Boat Launch
  4. Pier 52 Boat Launch
  5. Encinal Boat Ramp (Alameda)
  6. Coyote Point Marina
  7. Pillar Point Boat Launch

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SCIENCE OF MARINE CONSERVATION

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WHAT IS A MARINE PROTECTED AREA (MPA)?

©Jim Johnston

©California State Parks

©Chad King/NPAA

©NOAA

Marine Protected Areas (or MPAs) are protected areas of the ocean created to ensure conservation and sustainability of marine resources for the future.

They are important to YOU and here’s why:

  • Fish populations are in decline worldwide

  • MPAs may increase abundance, size and biodiversity (variety of marine life), including fish

  • Many MPAs protect critical breeding, nursery and feeding habitats for fish and other marine species

Ex.) North Farallon Islands SMR and Southeast Farallon Island SMR both provide habitat for halibut, sturgeon, and many species of rockfish

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CALIFORNIA’S NETWORK OF MPAS

  • 124 State MPAs, including 14 Special Closures

    • Protect 16% of California’s waters
        • 9% no-take
        • 84% of waters not designated as MPAs

          • Network completed in 2012

              • Managed by CDFW

Visit wildlife.ca.gov/MPAs

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A Variety of habitats

MPAS PROTECT A VARIETY OF HABITATS

SOFT-OCEAN BOTTOMS

SUBMARINE CANYONS

KELP FORESTS

INTERTIDAL

ESTUARIES

ROCKY REEFS

The MPA network contains representative habitats found throughout coastal waters, including estuaries, intertidal zones, rocky reefs, kelp forests, soft-ocean bottoms and submarine canyons.

SANDY BEACHES

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STATE MARINE RESERVES

CANNOT Take, harm, or pursue anything -living or nonliving- from these areas.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

MULTI-USE AREA NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES

CAN Take most species recreationally & commercially with a license.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

STATE MARINE

CONSERVATION AREAS

CAN Take certain species recreationally & commercially with a license.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

WHAT CAN YOU DO IN YOUR MPA?

Many kinds of MPAs--- while National Sanctuaries don’t limit take, State MPAs may limit some or all fishing and collecting.

“Take” means to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, fish, mollusks, or crustaceans or attempting to do so.

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FINFISH & COASTAL PELAGIC SPECIES

Finfish = any species of bony fish or cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates & rays). Some examples:

Coastal pelagic species include:

Northern anchovy © NOAA

Pacific sardine © NOAA

Pacific mackerel © NOAA

market squid © NOAA

jack mackerel © CDFW

lingcod © NOAA

Pacific shortfin mako shark © NOAA

yellowtail rockfish© NOAA

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PELAGIC FINFISH

barracudas © CDFW

Northern anchovy © NOAA

dolphinfish © NOAA

Pacific herring © NOAA

jack mackerel © CDFW

salmon © NOAA

Pacific mackerel © NOAA

Pacific sardine © NOAA

blue shark © CDFW

Pacific shortfin mako shark © NOAA

thresher shark © CDFW

swordfish © NOAA

Pacific bonito © CDFW

yellowtail © CDFW

billfishes © CDFW

tunas © NOAA

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BIG OLD FERTILE FEMALE FISH (BOFFF)

Average numbers of young produced by three different sizes of vermillion rockfish.

Data: Love et al. (1990) NOAA Technical Report

Older, fatter females are much more important to reproduction than younger, smaller fish. This concept called BOFFF is key to why MPAs can and do work for replenishing our oceans.

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SPILLOVER: BENEFITS TO FISHERIES

© Alan Friedlander

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CALIFORNIA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREAS�(MPAs)

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STATE MARINE RESERVES (SMR)

STATE MARINE CONSERVATION AREAS (SMCA)

SPECIAL CLOSURES

  1. Drakes Estero SMCA
  2. Estero de Limantour SMR
  3. Point Reyes SMR
  4. Point Reyes Headlands Special Closure
  5. Point Reyes SMCA
  6. Point Resistance Rock Special Closure
  7. Double Point/Stormy Stack Special Closure
  8. Duxbury Reef SMCA
  9. North Farallon Islands SMR
  10. North Farallon Islands Special Closure
  11. Southeast Farallon Island SMR
  12. Southeast Farallon Island Special Closure
  13. Southeast Farallon Island SMCA
  14. Egg (Devil’s Slide) Rock Special Closure
  15. Montara SMR
  16. Pillar Point SMCA

SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

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“Take” means to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, fish, mollusks, or crustaceans or attempting to do so.

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SMR

Restrictions

Estero de Limantour, Point Reyes, North Farallon Islands, Southeast Farallon Island, & Montara SMRs

Take of all living marine resources,

including shells and rocks, is prohibited.

Marine Protected Area

Allowable Take

Drakes Estero SMCA

Recreational take of clams. Commercial aquaculture of shellfish.

Point Reyes SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of salmon by trolling and Dungeness crab trap.

Duxbury Reef SMCA

Recreational take of abalone and finfish from shore only.

Southeast Farallon Island SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of salmon by trolling.

Pillar Point SMCA

Recreational take of Dungeness crab by trap, market squid by hand held dip net, and pelagic finfish by trolling. Commercial take of Dungeness crab by trap, market squid by round-haul net, and pelagic finfish by trolling or round-haul net.

Point Reyes Headlands, Point Resistance Rock, Double Point/Stormy Stack, North Farallon Islands, Southeast Farallon Island &

Egg (Devil’s Slide) Rock Special Closures

Restrict boating and access. No person shall enter these areas. Additional restrictions related to: boating speed limits, anchoring, seasonal closure, commercial diving, operation exhaust procedures, and transit exist for North Farallon Islands, Southeast Farallon Island, and Egg (Devil’s Slide) Rock Special Closures.

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GREATER FARALLONES AND MONTEREY BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES

  • MBNMS stretches from SF to Cambria protecting an area size of Connecticut! Primarily protects from oil drilling
  • "Serengeti of the Sea”, dense kelp forests, rocky shores, estuaries and one of North America's largest underwater canyon
  • Greater Farallones NMS sits where a unique and powerful current runs north to south. This cold-water current creates one of the most spectacular & biodiverse marine ecosystems in the world
  • Key species in GFNMS: ashy storm petrel, blue whale, common murre, Dungeness crab, harbor seal, krill, Steller sea lion, tufted puffin, white shark

Greater Farallones

National Marine

Sanctuary

Greater Farallones

National Marine

Sanctuary

Cordell Bank

National Marine

Sanctuary

Monterey Bay

National Marine

Sanctuary

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POINT REYES MPAS�

  • Important nursery ground for Dungeness crabs, rockfish and flatfish
  • Fishing is closely regulated in the park, but is allowed on some park beaches and freshwater lakes and ponds
  • Fishing prohibited in Lagunitas Creek and all its tributaries including Olema and Bear Valley Creeks, in all inland freshwater streams in the park, in Estero de Limantor SMR and Point Reyes Headlands SMR

© phoca2004

© Colleen Proppe

© Bart Selby

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DUXBURY REEF SMCA

  • Just off Highway 1- north of San Francisco
  • Largest shale reef
  • Popular tidepool spot, over 100 species
  • Recreational take of finfish from shore and abalone is allowed

© NOAA

© Judy Gallagher

© Linda Tanner

© sswj

© Jim Vanides

© Ingrid Taylar

© lkarlson

© Stefan Kloeck

© Ed Bierman

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FARALLON ISLANDS MPAS

  • A failed settlement, as well as over 400 reported ship and aircraft wrecks portray the treacherous waters around the islands
  • Islands provide breeding and feeding grounds for over 25 endangered or threatened species
  • One of the most significant white shark populations in the world!
  • Take of salmon by troll is allowed in southeast Farallon Island SMCA
  • No take in SMRs

© Jennifer Natali

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EGG (DEVIL’S SLIDE) ROCK SPECIAL CLOSURE

  • Protect nesting birds - no entry within 300 feet
  • Brandt’s cormorant, pelagic cormorant, black oyster catcher, western gull, common murre, pigeon guillemot, brown pelican
  • Oil spill wiped out 3,000 common murres here in 1980’s
  • 10 years later, biologists used decoys, mirrors, and sound recordings to lure birds back

© NOAA

© Judy Gallagher

© Linda Tanner

© sswj

© Jim Vanides

© David Seibold

© Phoca2004

© CN

© Marcel Holyoak

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MONTARA SMR AND PILLAR POINT SMCA

  • Montara is of the most biodiverse regions of the California coast - no take in SMR
  • Harbor at Pillar Point vital commercial fishing, sport fishermen, and recreational boaters
  • Permitted take at Pillar Point includes recreational take of pelagic finfish by trolling, Dungeness crab by trap and market squid by hand-held dip net

© NOAA

© Judy Gallagher

© Linda Tanner

© sswj

© Jim Vanides

© Bart Selby

© Marcel Holyoak

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MARINE SPECIES OF INTEREST

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LOCAL FISH AND ELASMOBRANCH SPECIES

CDFW

© Amaury Laporte

@Trisha Fawver

© NOAA

© DanielGotshall

© Bemep

© Ed Bierman

© Brian Gratewicke

HALIBUT

STURGEON

BAT RAY

STRIPED BASS

LEOPARD SHARK

LINGCOD

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LOCAL FISH SPECIES

CHINOOK SALMON

BLACK SURFPERCH

WHITE SEABASS

BLACK ROCKFISH

STARRY FLOUNDER

PACIFIC HERRING

© josiahclark

© bcosta

© Richard Wasson

© Robin Gwen Agarwal

© uzun

© Bill Miller

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LOCAL INVERTEBRATE & MARINE ALGAE SPECIES

ABALONE

SEA LETTUCE

MARKET SQUID

OLYMPIA OYSTER

GOOSENECK BARNACLE

© Ed Bierman

© Eugene Kim

© BLM

© Rebecca Johnson

© George Brooks

© Marcel Holyoak

© californiarowan

© Scott Loarie

© Alison Young

CALIFORNIA MUSSEL

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LOCAL BIRD SPECIES

GREAT BLUE HERON

PEREGRINE FALCON

OSPREY

Tufted Puffin

BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS

BLACK OYSTERCATCHER

© larzalere

© BLM

© Laura Wolf

© Ken Schneider

© Frank Fogarty

© Lilian Chou

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FISHING INFORMATION

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CALIFORNIA FISHING LICENSES

  • Purchase fishing licenses online here: wildlife.ca.gov/Licensing/Online-Sales
  • Fishing license required for everyone 16 years or older EXCEPT when fishing from public piers, publicly owned jetties or breakwaters that form most seaward protective boundary of an ocean harbor are also public piers
  • Sturgeon and California spiny lobster report cards are still required even if fishing from a pier
  • California typically has 2 free fishing days annually – usually around July 4th and Labor Day weekends

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RECREATIONAL FISHING: PIER FISHING

Pier fishing locations:

  • Paradise Beach Fishing Pier
  • Torpedo Wharf
  • Berkeley Fishing Pier
  • San Leandro Fishing Platform

  • Port View Park
  • Oyster Point
  • Pacifica Fishing Pier
  • Half Moon Bay (Johnson’s Pier)

© Dawn Ellner

© Ka!zen

Some possible pier catches:

staghorn sculpin, surfperch, jacksmelt, flounder,

white croaker

IMPORTANT: No fishing license is required to fish from a public pier

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RECREATIONAL FISHING

  • Pacific halibut, striped bass, leopard shark, bat ray, trout and salmon, largemouth bass, sturgeon, and other species of rockfish commonly caught
  • Striper arrive in the spring, leave for the summer and return in the fall
  • Pacific halibut only come around in the summer months
  • Important nursery for leopard shark and bat rays, both species remain in the bay and are catchable year-round
  • Recreational fishing charters offered along harbors and piers

© Udo G

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SAN FRANCISCO BAY FISHING

  • Home to a variety of shark species:
    • leopard sharks, sevengill sharks, sixgill sharks, blue sharks, and smoothhound sharks
  • Sturgeon fishing is at Dumbarton Bridge
    • Migrate into the south bay in search of herring that spawn off of Alameda
  • Striped bass bite in San Francisco Bay off the Rockpile
  • San Pablo Bay popular for catching striped bass, white sturgeon, and leopard sharks

© Andrew Dupont

© gofthejungle

© Tom Wedergren

© Don McCullough

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FARALLON ISLANDS FISHING

  • Located about 30 miles off the coast of San Francisco
  • Silver Fox Sport Fishing & Tours offer charter fishing and shark tours
  • Popular fishing for groundfish
  • Anglers can often leave the islands with catch limits of rockfish and lingcod

© Ian Kennedy

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CHARTER FISHING

  1. Reel Obsession Sportfishing
  2. Lucky Six Sportfishing
  3. Reel Time Charters, LLC
  4. Bills Sportfishing and Guide Service
  5. Topline Sport Fishing – Berkeley
  6. Nautilus Excursions
  7. SF Bay Sportfishing
  8. Argo Sportfishing
  9. Flash Sport Fishing Charters
  10. Durban Princess Sport Fishing

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COMMERCIAL FISHING

  • San Francisco Bay is a working port for fishers
  • Dungeness crab and squid are now cash crops for state - Dungeness crab fleet fishes primarily in the fall
  • Salmon trawlers still line the harbor by Hyde Street Pier - king salmon throughout the summer and fall
  • El Nino weather pattern of 2016 moved squid purse seiners north to fish off of the Farallon islands and Pacifica Beach

© Bill Abbott

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DUNGENESS CRABBING

  • Prime breeding area for Dungeness crabs - take within the San Francisco and San Pablo Bays is illegal
  • Outside of the bay, season lasts from November to July, with most crabs caught in early season
  • The prime recreational season first few weeks of November, when only sportfishing boats may legally catch crabs

© Scott Loarie

© Matthew Zlatunich

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BOAT FISHING CHANGES WITH SEASONS

© prickly_sculpin

© josiahclark

© Richard Wasson

© jchilders

© sailingsandi

© damiano

IMPORTANT: Check current regulations at: wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Ocean

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BAROTRAUMA

WHAT TO DO

  • Anglers have options to help return rockfish to a depth where they can decompress themselves.
  • These descending devices, can be made at home or purchased commercially. There are many different types and models.

For more information, visit: wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/Groundfish/Barotrauma

Barotrauma happens when fish are brought from the deep (more pressure) to surface (less pressure). The expansion of gas swells the swim bladder, causing a “pressure shock” that can cause organ damage.

The technique of “venting” or releasing gas within the swim bladder is discouraged.

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BOATING CLEAN AND GREEN

THINGS BOATERS CAN DO�

  1. Prevent oily discharge from the bilge
  2. Spill-proof your oil changes and fueling.
  3. Do not add soap to the bilge.
  4. Minimize boat cleaning and maintenance in the water.
  5. Choose non- toxic bottom paints.
  6. Dispose of hazardous waste properly.
  7. Plan ahead! Manage sewage wastes properly.
  8. Stow it, do not throw it!
  9. Reduce grey water discharges.
  10. Do not spread aquatic invasive species.
  11. Clean, drain, and dry your boat.�

For more information, visit: BoatingCleanandGreen.com

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REPORT SARGASSUM HORNERI

  • Non-native brown seaweed from China, Korea, and Japan.
  • Arrived in southern CA in ports of LA early 2000s.
  • Recently recorded at Monterey Breakwater in June 2020.
  • Highly invasive – adults fragment easily and each can produce hundreds of fertile eggs in one receptacle (shown in yellow).
  • Help prevent spread, check vessel props & anchors before transiting!
  • If spotted, record the date and location and report to CDFW’s Invasive Species Program:
    • Call (866) 440-9530
    • Send an email to invasives@wildlife.ca.gov
    • Fill out the form at: wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/Report

© Ann Bishop

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CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE WEST COAST

Warming Ocean Temperatures:

  • Much of the northeast Pacific Ocean was warmer than normal from April 19 to July 18, 2020.
  • Effects most dramatic offshore between Hawaii and Alaska.

Atmospheric Pressure Changes:

  • High pressure over Gulf of Alaska, Low pressure in NE Pacific in summer of 2019: causes reduced winds

Why is this a concern?

  • Winds remove heat, mix the surface waters with cooler waters below

Consequence: rapid warming of surface waters in NE Pacific

Marine Heatwaves:

  • New marine heatwave off the West Coast in Sept, 2019
  • Researchers monitoring effects on the marine ecosystem, resembles “The Blob” heatwave of 2014.

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STRANGE FISH IN WEIRD PLACES

© Stefanie

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HELP END MARINE ANIMAL ENTANGLEMENTS

Report lost or abandoned fishing gear at 1-888-491-GEAR or www.seadocsociety.org

They accept ANONYMOUS reports!

Properly Dispose of Fishing Gear

For monofilament and fluorocarbon line:

  • Recycle lines in designated bins found at most boat ramps, piers, and tackle shops

For non-monofilament line, such as braid or wire

  • Cut the line into 12-inch or smaller pieces and place into a covered trash can

For hooks and lures

  • Clip off sharp points to avoid injuring humans and wildlife and dispose of it in covered trash can

Abandoned fishing gear can remain in the ocean for up to 400 years and entangle and kill marine animals.

© Lauren Packard

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If you see a sick or injured marine mammal, please do not approach!

The Marine Mammal Center 415-289-SEAL, for deceased animals call California Academy of Sciences: (415) 379-5381

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WHERE TO FIND REGULATIONS

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GET INVOLVED

GET INVOLVED

© LiMPETS

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CCRFP

CCRFP

  • California Collaborative Fisheries Research Program (CCFRP) - partnership of people and communities interested in fisheries sustainability.

  • With help of volunteer anglers and fishing community, we collect data on economically important nearshore species to inform fisheries management and evaluate marine protected areas (MPAs).

  • If you want to contribute to research and learn more about nearshore fish stocks, become a volunteer angler!

For more information, visit: www.mlml.calstate.edu/ccfrp/

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USEFUL MOBILE APPLICATIONS

Seafood Watch

Monterey Bay Aquarium

CA Boating Facility Locator

CA State Parks Division of Boating Waterways

Pumpout Nav

Ecom Enterprises, Inc.

Boat US

Boat, weather, tides

CalTIP

CA Department of Fish and Wildlife

FishLegal

Maps & Species info

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    • 1-888-334-CALTIP (1-888-334-2258)

Help stop poaching and polluting:

    • 1-888-491-GEAR (4237)

Report lost fishing gear:

    • www. Boatingcleanandgreen.com

Learn about clean boating and how to recycle fishing line:

    • California Academy of Sciences (whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions and sea turtles): 1(415) 379-5381 

Report Dead Marine Mammals:

    • Wildcare in San Rafael (415) 456-SAVE

Report Sick or Dead Seabirds:

    • visit www. SeabirdProtectionNetwork.org

Help Protect Seabirds:

    • www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/report

Reporting Invasive Species in California: 

    • 1(800) 367-8222

24 Hour Vessel Assistance (Fees Involved): 

    • 1-877-SOS-WHALE (1-877-767-9425) for distressed whales and dolphins

Statewide Whale Rescue Team

IMPORTANT REPORTING & RESPONSE NUMBERS

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THANK YOU

© Joe Parks