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What is psychopathy?

Psychopathy is a common mental disorder. Although it is not a clinical diagnosis, psychopathy is a recognized mental disorder. Severe psychopathy affects about 1 in 100 children and adults. That makes psychopathy more common than schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anorexia. Symptoms of psychopathy overlap with common personality disorders such as Antisocial Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Psychopathy is a spectrum disorder. Psychopathic traits vary across the population from mild to extreme, like other well-known spectrum disorders such as autism.

Psychopathy is not the same as criminality. Many people who have psychopathic personalities do not commit crimes. And most people who commit crimes do not have psychopathy. Psychopathy is defined not by behaviors, but by personality traits that include:

  • Boldness (a bold and daring personality)
  • Meanness (reduced empathy and remorse)
  • Disinhibition (difficulty inhibiting behaviors)

Psychopathy can be hard to detect. People with psychopathy may deceive, manipulate, exploit, threaten, steal from, or physically harm others. But they may seem outwardly friendly, charming, and well-adjusted. This so-called 'mask of sanity’ can make psychopathic people hard to identify.

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What is psychopathy?

Psychopathy is a common mental disorder. Although it is not a clinical diagnosis, psychopathy is a recognized mental disorder. Severe psychopathy affects about 1 in 100 children and adults. That makes psychopathy more common than schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anorexia. Symptoms of psychopathy overlap with common personality disorders such as Antisocial Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Psychopathy is a spectrum disorder. Psychopathic traits vary across the population from mild to extreme, like other well-known spectrum disorders such as autism.

Psychopathy is not the same as criminality. Many people who have psychopathic personalities do not commit crimes. And most people who commit crimes do not have psychopathy. Psychopathy is defined not by behaviors, but by personality traits that include:

  • Boldness (a bold and daring personality)
  • Meanness (reduced empathy and remorse)
  • Disinhibition (difficulty inhibiting behaviors)

Psychopathy can be hard to detect. People with psychopathy may deceive, manipulate, exploit, threaten, steal from, or physically harm others. But they may seem outwardly friendly, charming, and well-adjusted. This so-called 'mask of sanity’ can make psychopathic people hard to identify.

3 of 10

What is psychopathy?

Psychopathy is a common mental disorder. Although it is not a clinical diagnosis, psychopathy is a recognized mental disorder. Severe psychopathy affects about 1 in 100 children and adults. That makes psychopathy more common than schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anorexia. Symptoms of psychopathy overlap with common personality disorders such as Antisocial Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Psychopathy is a spectrum disorder. Psychopathic traits vary across the population from mild to extreme, like other well-known spectrum disorders such as autism.

Psychopathy is not the same as criminality. Many people who have psychopathic personalities do not commit crimes. And most people who commit crimes do not have psychopathy. Psychopathy is defined not by behaviors, but by personality traits that include:

  • Boldness (a bold and daring personality)
  • Meanness (reduced empathy and remorse)
  • Disinhibition (difficulty inhibiting behaviors)

Psychopathy can be hard to detect. People with psychopathy may deceive, manipulate, exploit, threaten, steal from, or physically harm others. But they may seem outwardly friendly, charming, and well-adjusted. This so-called 'mask of sanity’ can make psychopathic people hard to identify.

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What is psychopathy?

Psychopathy is a common mental disorder. Although it is not a clinical diagnosis, psychopathy is a recognized mental disorder. Severe psychopathy affects about 1 in 100 children and adults. That makes psychopathy more common than schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or anorexia. Symptoms of psychopathy overlap with common personality disorders such as Antisocial Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

Psychopathy is a spectrum disorder. Psychopathic traits vary across the population from mild to extreme, like other well-known spectrum disorders such as autism.

Psychopathy is not the same as criminality. Many people who have psychopathic personalities do not commit crimes. And most people who commit crimes do not have psychopathy. Psychopathy is defined not by behaviors, but by personality traits that include:

  • Boldness (a bold and daring personality)
  • Meanness (reduced empathy and remorse)
  • Disinhibition (difficulty inhibiting behaviors)

Psychopathy can be hard to detect. People with psychopathy may deceive, manipulate, exploit, threaten, steal from, or physically harm others. But they may seem outwardly friendly, charming, and well-adjusted. This so-called 'mask of sanity’ can make psychopathic people hard to identify.

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What are common signs of psychopathy?

Unusual risk taking

Doesn’t look at others’ eyes and faces as much as peers do

Doesn’t react when others are scared or sad

May seem “cold” or not show affection

Misbehaves more than peers, including lying, stealing, breaking rules, or aggression

Doesn’t seem to care about consequences

Doesn’t feel bad or guilty when doing something wrong

Doesn’t seem concerned about others’ feelings

Acts or feels superior to others

Has difficulty keeping friends

Callous or uncaring in response to others’ suffering

Doesn’t show remorse

Lies often and skillfully

Manipulates people to get things

Impulsive and risk-taking

Superficially charming

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What is psychopathy?

Genetic risk factors. There is no “gene for” psychopathy or any other psychological disorder. But the cumulative effect of many genes account for over half of the variance in psychopathic traits, similar to other common psychological disorders.

Environmental risk factors. Perinatal factors like smoking during pregnancy or birth complications may play a role. Not experiencing highly warm and responsive parenting in early childhood may also increase a child’s risk for developing psychopathy.

Differences in brain biology. Genetic and environmental factors together put some children at higher risk for psychopathy by affecting how their brain develops. Changes in a structure called the amygdala are commonly observed in adults and children with psychopathy.

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What is psychopathy?

Genetic risk factors. There is no “gene for” psychopathy or any other psychological disorder. But the cumulative effect of many genes account for over half of the variance in psychopathic traits, similar to other common psychological disorders.

Environmental risk factors. Perinatal factors like smoking during pregnancy or birth complications may play a role. Not experiencing highly warm and responsive parenting in early childhood may also increase a child’s risk for developing psychopathy.

Differences in brain biology. Genetic and environmental factors together put some children at higher risk for psychopathy by affecting how their brain develops. Changes in a structure called the amygdala are commonly observed in adults and children with psychopathy.

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What is psychopathy?

Genetic risk factors. There is no “gene for” psychopathy or any other psychological disorder. But the cumulative effect of many genes account for over half of the variance in psychopathic traits, similar to other common psychological disorders.

Environmental risk factors. Perinatal factors like smoking during pregnancy or birth complications may play a role. Not experiencing highly warm and responsive parenting in early childhood may also increase a child’s risk for developing psychopathy.

Differences in brain biology. Genetic and environmental factors together put some children at higher risk for psychopathy by affecting how their brain develops. Changes in a structure called the amygdala are commonly observed in adults and children with psychopathy.

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Test your knowledge

  1. About what percentage of people are affected by severe psychopathy?

a. 1 in 1,000,000

b. 1 in 10,000

c. 1 in 1,000

d. 1 in 100

2. What are the three central personality traits that define psychopathy?

a. Violence, hostility, and meanness

b. Boldness, meanness, and disinhibition

c. Narcissism, charm, and meanness

d. Violence, meanness, and callousness

3. What is the cause of psychopathy?

a. Psychopathy is caused by a gene that researchers are trying to identify

b. Psychopathy is caused by abuse and neglect during childhood

c. Psychopathy is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental

risk factors, including not experiencing highly warm and responsive parenting

d. Nobody knows what causes psychopathy

Answers: 1d, 2b, 3c

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