Open up to the “Cultural Conflict & Cleansing” google doc & put your phone in the spa

Today’s Agenda

1. Religious Conflicts
2. Effects of Diffusion Vocabulary Activity

This THURSDAY!

• Reading Notes DUE
• Progress Check DUE
• Test Corrections DUE

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What is your favorite thing about fall? I’m pretending that this is fall despite it be 100 degrees

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Put your phones away & grab your binders!

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Flip to TAB B

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Monday 9/29

Describe the DEGREE to which ethnic religions diffuse through hierarchical diffusion

You need to LITERALLY state high, medium, or low degree & then back it up!

Game Plan

Homework & Reminders

Mon

Sept 29th

1. Essential Knowledge Quiz 2.2
2. Notes: Cultural Conflict

Due this Thursday!

Binder ✓ (Reading Notes & One Pager), Progress ✓, & Corrections

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Announcements

Week of September 29th

1

HoCo Spirit Week

Dress Up Themes

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SCL Toy Drive

InPrint Book Drive

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2

HoCo Court

Top 20 Vote

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Special Bell

Schedules

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HoCo

Friday/Saturday

Go to https://bit.ly/LAHS_Announcements to see the complete list of announcements

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October 2nd & 3rd are early release days

Monday is Schedule G

Tuesday is Schedule B

Wednesday is Schedule C

Thursday is Schedule D

Friday is Schedule E

All schedules are on the school website

Lunch is still available after school on 10/2&10/3.

Voting is open for your 2025 Homecoming Court

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Voting closes on 10/2 @ 5:00pm

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All Students & Staff Can Vote for up to 2 Seniors

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See the HoCo Court Voting link in the morning announcement email, ASB Instagram & Minga

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Royals announced @ Varsity Football Halftime

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Unit Test!

Binder is Due! Includes:

• Completed Reading Notes
• One Pager (TAB F)
• Completed G assignments

Complete the Progress Check in AP Classroom:

• Graded on a scale
• Due by START OF TEST

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Progress Check

The progress check this unit will be graded on the following scale:

• 75-100%= 10/10
• 50-75%= 9/10
• 25-50%= 8/10
• 0-25%= 7/10

Obviously if you chose random answers (i.e. answer in like 45 seconds) just to finish= 0/10

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Essential Knowledge Quiz 2.2

Use your notes and materials and COLLABORATE TOGETHER!

This is a hard one!

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With your group

Islam and Christianity both diffused hierarchically. Identify TWO historical processes that contributed to the hierarchical spread

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Unit Two Reading Notes 9/2

Concepts of Culture 9/2

Lecture: Cultural Landscape 9/4

“Tea if by Sea, Cha if by Land” 9/9

Lecture: Cultural Diffusion 9/9

Lecture: Languages 9/11

Endangered Languages Research Activity 9/15

Processes of Cultural Change 9/16

Improve the FRQ 9/16

Culture FRQ Practice 9/18

Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster 9/22

Guided Lecture Map: Patterns of Religion 9/22

Cultural Conflict & Cleansing: Case Studies 9/29

Cultural Conflict and Cleansing

Some Definitions & Case Studies

Quick define!

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Centripetal vs

Centrifugal

Ethnicity:

a group of people that share common cultural characteristics (language, traditions, history, etc.)

Ethnicity

Koreans have a shared history, language, food, games, traditional dress, etc.

Ethnicity

The Māori are indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand with a distinct language, religion, performing arts, etc

Genocide:

acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group

Genocide

UN Definition

acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

1. Killing members of the group;
2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

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Genocide Case Study: Rwanda

Context (background):

• Rwanda was a former Belgian colony
• The Belgians decided that the Tutsis were the “superior” ethnicity due to their facial features
• Created centrifugal forces between the Hutus and Tutsis

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Genocide:

• In 1994 in Rwanda, the Hutu president was assassinated after a brutal civil war
• The Hutu majority killed at least 500,000 people of the Tutsi ethnic minority in 100 days, even searching out victims in churches and schools

Genocide Case Study: Holocaust

Before and during WWII, Nazi Germany systematically killed over 6 million Jews and millions of other “undesirable” groups including Roma, communists, homosexuals, etc.

Genocide Case Study: Holocaust

• As the result of centuries of anti-semitism in Europe, Jews in Nazi Germany were forbidden from marrying non-Jews, having jobs in education, healthcare, and childcare, and being German citizens
• Government sponsored terror against Jews was common
• Many were forced to leave Germany
• Eventually, Jews were forced into labor camps and extermination camps where many were killed in gas chambers

Ethnic Cleansing:

making an area ethnically homogeneous (the same) by using force or intimidation to remove people of certain groups

Ethnic Cleansing Case Study: Yugoslavia

• In the 1990s civil war in Yugoslavia, ethnic Serbians used looting, burning, torture, rape, killing, etc. to forcibly relocate over 1 million Bosnian Muslims and Croats
• Tens of thousands died in the process
• This was based on cultural differences, mainly religion and language
• Today, the country of Yugoslavia no longer exists and was broken up into smaller parts such as Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, etc.

Religious Conflicts

Religion vs. Religion

Conflicts Influenced by Religion: Jerusalem

Conflicts Influenced by Religion: Jerusalem

One place that three religions identify as central to their beliefs

Conflicts Influenced by Religion: Jerusalem

After WWII, the British withdrew from what was known as British Palestine and left the territory to the newly formed United Nations to sort out. The UN Partition Plan called for two states, Israel and Palestine, and included a separate international Jerusalem, controlled by neither

Israel, founded in 1948, was immediately attacked by all of its Arab neighbors. After the war, Israel controlled more territory than the original plan with Jordan controlling the West Bank and Egypt controlling the Gaza Strip

West Jerusalem was controlled by Israel and East Jerusalem was controlled by Jordan

Conflicts Influenced by Religion: Jerusalem

Israel and its Arab neighbors fought a series of wars where territory changed hands, including in Jerusalem.

Israel took control of the entire city of Jerusalem after the Six Day War in 1967. How did this begin to change the cultural landscape of Jerusalem?

What do signs tell us about the cultural landscape?

Here you see the trilingual sign for Jerusalem with

• Hebrew (official language of Israel)
• Arabic (special status in Israel for 20% of the population that is Arabic)
• English (lingua franca!)

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The Arabic name for Jerusalem is “Al-Quds” meaning “The Holy”. On this sign, the Arabic (read from right to left) shows the Hebracized “Urshalim” first, followed by “Al-Quds” in parentheses

What do signs tell us about centrifugal forces?

Centrifugal forces! In another demonstration of the conflict over language and religion, some people have taken to covering the Arabic on signs

What do signs tell us about centrifugal forces?

Similar language conflicts occur in Belgium, where some communities speak Flemish (Dutch) and some speak French

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Here, Flemish speakers have spray painted over the French on the signs

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Points of Conflict

The Temple Mount and Western Wall

Wall is the last standing portion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE

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Temple was the center of Judaism in ancient times

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Connected to the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism

Al Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock

• Place from which Muhammad ascended to heaven (Al Aqsa Mosque, third holiest site in Islam)
• Rock is the altar on which Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son (Isaac/ Ishmael)
• Both were built on the Temple Mount

Church of the Holy Sepulchre

• Built on the site of Jesus’s crucifixion and the tomb in which he was buried
• Major pilgrimage site for Christians, holiest site in Christendom

Branch vs. Branch, Denomination vs. Denomination

The Immovable Ladder at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre

• 6 different branches/denominations of Christianity control different sections of the church
• Muslims keep the key so no Christian branch has more control than others
• The ladder has been there since at least 1852 and since all 6 branches have to agree to move it, it hasn’t moved

“The Troubles” in Northern Ireland

• After hundreds of years of colonization by the British, Ireland gained independence in 1921 except for Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the UK
• Ireland is mostly Irish Catholic while Northern Ireland is mostly Protestant and British
• In the 1960s-1990s, violence was common in Northern Ireland as Irish Catholics wanted to force the British out and unify Ireland

“The Troubles” in Northern Ireland

• The Good Friday Agreement in 1998 ended the violence but tensions remain
• Neighborhoods in Northern Ireland remain largely segregated between Protestants and Catholics

Religion vs. Government:

Majority vs. Minority

Rohingya in Myanmar (Burma)

• Since 2016, the Muslim Rohingya in Rakhine state in Myanmar have faced persecution and attack from the military in Buddhist-majority Myanmar
• Rohingya are denied citizenship, land, education, etc. and driven from their homes through violence
• 900,000 refugees have fled to neighboring Bangladesh
• Myanmar has now expelled a majority of the Rohingya people
• The UN has called these actions “crimes against humanity”

Uyghurs in China

• Since 2017 China has established camps they call “reeducation centers”, possibly holding up to 1.5 million Uyghurs, separating families and sterilizing women
• Uyghurs in the province of Xinjiang are mostly Muslim and speak a language related to Turkish
• China insists this is to address what they call the “three evils - extremism, terrorism and separatism" and to assimilate the minority into the majority Han Chinese culture
• The UN has recently said China is guilty of “serious human rights violations” that may amount to “crimes against humanity”

Ethnicity & Religion Takeaway:

It is both a centripetal force (unity) and centrifugal force (division)

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Monday 9/29

Which case study stood out to you?

How does the case study demonstrate how ethnicity and/or religion can be centrifugal? What is a question you have about the case study?

How prepared do you feel for the upcoming unit test…give an emoji response (😨 😊 😩 etc)

Effects of Diffusion

You are going to work in your groups to match the correct real world example with the

key terms!

Draw in representation of the KEY TERM!

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I will go over the answers TOMORROW!

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Let’s review some concepts

Acculturation B

The process when someone adopts the values and practices of the larger group but still retains some distinct culture features

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Assimilation F

The process when a group’s cultural features are altered completely to resemble those of another more dominant group

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Multiculturalism D

Coexistence of several cultures in one society

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Nativism E

Anti-minority attitudes from the cultural majority; general dislike of people from other countries

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Syncretism C

The combining of elements of two or more groups into a new cultural feature

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Cultural Appropriation A

The adoption or use of elements of one culture by members of another culture

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Identify

Multiculturalism

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Identify

Nativism

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Identify

Acculturation

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Turkey

Eggrolls

Identify

Assimilation

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Identify

Syncretism

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Identify

Appropriation

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Your Opinion: Appropriation or Appreciation?

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Maang Tikka= traditional Hindu headpiece

Chat Exit

What is the difference between acculturation and assimilation?

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