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Chapter 10

Brazil

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From Portuguese Colony

To Modern Giant

Chapter 10, Section 1

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • Portugal was afraid Spain would try and take land that they already claimed.

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  • Signed the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.

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  • Drew a line from North to South.

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  • Spain could claim all lands to the west, Portugal to the east.

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Portuguese Build a Colony

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • In 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral landed on the coast of what is now Brazil.

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  • The Portuguese came to find gold and silver.

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  • When they found neither, they planted sugar cane.

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • The Portuguese forced the indigenous people to work.

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  • They fled into the rainforests, so African slaves were imported.

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  • The Portuguese also developed tobacco, cotton, and cattle ranches.

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • In the 1600s, gold and diamonds were discovered.

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  • Coffee plants were introduced in 1727.

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  • By the mid-1800s coffee became Brazil’s chief export.

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • Portugal controlled Brazil from 1500 to 1822.

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  • In 1807, Napoleon invaded Portugal and the Portuguese ruler, Prince John, fled to Brazil.

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  • When Prince John was able to return to Portugal in 1821, he left his son Pedro in charge.

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • In 1822, Dom Pedro declared Brazil’s independence and he became the first emperor.

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  • Pedro was unpopular and went back to Portugal.

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  • His son, Dom Pedro II became emperor and started the industrial revolution.

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Portuguese Build a Colony

  • He did many good things for the people.

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  • Ended slavery in 1888.

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  • However, this angered the wealthy plantation owners and he was forced to resign.

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  • Brazil became a constitutional republic in 1889.

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Challenges of a Modern Country

  • Brazil adopted a constitution in 1891 based on the US.

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  • Struggled with a democratic government until 1985.

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  • Problems include urbanization and the financial gap between the rich and poor.

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Challenges of a Modern Country

  • Brazil’s federal government includes:
    • A president
    • A two-house legislature
    • A court system.

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  • Brazil has multiple political parties.

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  • Urbanization is the process of people moving to the cities.

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Challenges of a Modern Country

  • Many poor people moved to the cities for better paying jobs.
    • Most are unemployed.

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  • Most live in neighborhoods called favelas.

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  • The majority of the population lives along the coast.

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Challenges of a Modern Country

  • To encourage people to move inland, the government moved the capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia.

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  • Brazil has one of the largest economies in the world.

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  • Most Brazilians are poor though.

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Homework

  • Read P. 288-295

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  • Answer Questions #3-8