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GERUND

VS PARTICIPLE

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What’s a gerund?

A gerund is a type of verb form that is created by adding "-ing" to the base form of a verb. It functions as a noun in a sentence and can be used as a subject, object, or complement.

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Gerund as a Subject

  1. Dancing is her favorite hobby. (gerund as the subject of the sentence)
  2. Jogging in the morning helps to clear my mind. (gerund as the subject of the sentence)
  3. Singing can be a great way to relieve stress. (gerund as the subject of the sentence)
  4. Painting is a form of self-expression. (gerund as the subject of the sentence)
  5. Reading books is a great way to expand your knowledge. (gerund as the subject of the sentence)

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Gerund as an Object

  1. She enjoys dancing in her free time. (gerund as the direct object of the verb enjoys)
  2. They suggested going to the park for a picnic. (gerund as the object of the verb suggested)
  3. He avoids eating spicy food because it upsets his stomach. (gerund as the object of the verb avoids)
  4. We are planning on watching a movie tonight. (gerund as the object of the preposition on)
  5. I don't mind doing the dishes, but I hate cleaning the oven. (gerund as the object of the verb mind and hate)

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Gerund as Complement

  1. Her favorite activity is swimming.
  2. He made his decision after careful thinking.
  3. They made a mess by spilling their drinks.
  4. Having her is a blessing to me.

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PARTICIPLE

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TENSES

  1. I am walking down the street.
  2. He was sleeping on the sofa.
  3. They have been working for hours.

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ADJECTIVE

  1. The film is boring.
  2. It was an amazing film.
  3. What a loving person she is.

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FUNCTIONS OF PARTICIPLE

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Attributive

  1. We saw lots of swimming fish.
  2. The falling leaves are eaten by insects.
  3. The victims failed to get away from the rushing water.

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Predicative

  1. We saw lots of fish swimming in the river.
  2. We found the leaves falling from the tree.
  3. The victims were rescued from water rushing along the alley.

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Adverbial

  1. Arriving at seven thirty, Agil missed the bus.
  2. Not knowing what to do, Ranu asked for my advice.
  3. Watching TV, Akmal fell asleep.

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After certain verbs in the SVO pattern

  1. The teacher caught Ferri sleeping in the bathroom.
  2. Don’t keep customers waiting too long for their orders.
  3. She left me wondering what she wanted to do.

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Present Participle vs Infinitives

  1. We saw Fikri doing the laundry.

We saw Fikri do the laundry.

2. I noticed someone going into the garage.

I noticed someone go into the garage.

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Identify whether the verb+ing form functions as a gerund or a present participle.

  •  Understanding (g) (1) a different culture is not a demanding (2) task, actually. The first thing to do is trying (3) to be familiar with it. Looking (4) at what people do, we can see the positive and negative aspects of the culture. By looking (5) at what people produce, we can show our appreciating (6) attitudes. People living (7) in a different culture must see to it that they are ready to accept confusing (8) differences. Showing (9) empathy is a good way of expressing (10) that we understand a different culture, keeping (11) the people feeling (12) respected because we do try to understand them.