Advancing ADAS and ADS for Safer Roads
By Seth Chalmers, PE
Director of Traffic Engineering
Seth.chalmers@dibblecorp.com / mobile 602-363-1854
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Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) & Automated Driving Systems (ADS)
Session 1B /October 9, 2025 -10 am to 11:30 am / Room Pomeroy/Robson
Theme: Innovating Today, Shaping Tomorrow
March 30, 2025
July 18, 2023
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BIL Signing November 15, 2021
Directed NHTSA in 13 Areas Regarding Vehicle & Driver Safety
Along with a Lot of Funding for that and FHWA as well.
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“Ride with Me” Waymo Experience
March 10, 2024
“Enhancing Road Safety:
The Synergy of Human and Automated Driving Technologies”
“Archive of Information from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law on the NHTSA Website”
13 Slides that shows what the BIL directed NHSTA to do Prior to Jan. 2025.
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Waymo or Robotaxi Point of View
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Safest Route ?
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Serious Crashes are a Statewide Problem
On All Public Roadways
Map of Fatal Crashes
2018 to 23 (6-Years) 6,868 Killed (K)
Map of Injury Crashes
2018 to 23 (6-Years) 310,234 Injured
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Approximately 75,000 miles of public roads in Arizona.
ADOT has around 7,000 of those miles are on the State Highway System (SHS).
66,000 miles or 88% are local, tribal, or other.
63% of fatalities & 68% of serious
injuries happen on these Non-SHS
Streets and Roads.
1957 Chevrolet
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Notice the dent on the dashboard and damage to the steering wheel –
this probably resulted in massive head and chest injuries that
may have been fatal or debilitating.
Smithsonian
United States Prior to the Highway and Vehicle Safety Acts of 1966
Fatal Crashes and Fatalities
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The relative history of fatalities and fatal crashes compared to specific safety devices, based on �NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data. Compiled by Dibble based on FARS data.
1964 & 1966
Roberts Bill and Highway
Safety Act
1974 & 1978
55 mph Limit �and NHTSA
Crash Testing
1954
White House
Conference on
Highway Safety
1924
First National �Conference
on Street and
Highway Safety
1946, 1947, �1949, & 1952
President’s
Highway Safety
Conference
Recession
1973
OPEC
Boycott
1972 – 54,589
Great Depression
FARS Data
Bottom Line: Standard safety equipment and its use drives fatalities down. The 1966 Safety Acts made this happen – Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS).
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12/02/21 Science Friday
60-Year Anniversary in 2026
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1966 Safety Acts – Motor Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act & Highway Safety Act
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Goes on to Makes Nine Other Specific Recommendations
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Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) have Saved over 600,000 Lives
329,000 by the Use of Seat Belts Alone.
Vehicle Recall Completion Rates Continue to be Problematic as Low as 49%, Never 100%.
Voluntary Agreements on Emerging Safety Technologies, the BIL Changed Some of that.
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55 years
99 Million Vehicle in the US in 1966 vs 255 Million in 2011
3.7 Million miles of roads in the US in 1966 vs 4.1 Million in 2011
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The five key objectives of the SSA are as follows:
The principles of the SSA are the statements on the outside of the circle:
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Being Used & Reviewed
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+804,781 more Licensed Drivers
+1,026,791 more Registered Vehicles
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Goal of Reducing Life-Altering Traffic Crashes by 20% by 2030
That is 5-Years From Now.
How is this Going to be Accomplished by Something We Can Take Credit For?
From 2015 to 2024 or 10-years
State Average of KSI is 4,971 per year. Average fatals is 1,095 Killed (K) and 3,876 Serious Injured (SI). 20% Reduction is 994 KSI Crashes.
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Totals For All Crashes
Human Behavior Total
2015 to 2024 – 9 Years
49% of the Total
KSI Crashes
61% of Fatals
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Traffic Control Signal & Signal Account
For 11,737 or 51% of the total.
Average 1,173 KSI per year.
State Total Average KSI per year is 4,971
2015 to 2024 – 10 Years
45% of the Total
KSI Crashes
35% of Fatals
To enhance intersection safety, Red-Light Indicator Lights (RLILs) should be installed for each major phased movement—including both through and turning movements—at all signalized intersections. This allows one officer to enforce red light running downstream of the intersection. Without the indicator light, it takes two officers to enforce: one to observe the intersection and then call the other officer if a red-light runner is observed.
These RLILs will serve as a visual aid for law enforcement, enabling periodic targeted enforcement at these intersections. This approach is intended to deter red-light running behavior, achieving a similar safety benefit to that of automated enforcement systems by increasing the perceived risk of being caught.
Low-Cost Proven Safety Countermeasure
Dynamic All Red Extension (DARE) is an innovative traffic signal control system designed to reduce the risk of crashes caused by red light running (RLR). Here's how it works:
How DARE Works;
Needs to be Implement with an Appropriate Level of RLR Enforcement. DARE is intended to protect innocent people not enable run light running.
Dynamic All Red Extension (DARE)
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2015 to 2024 – 10 Years
54% of the Total
KSI Crashes
65% of Fatals
Rural Road Safety – Any Shoulder Is Better Than No Shoulder
© Dibble
Just think of the possibility to improve safety if we combine �rural road improvements with LDW/LKA!
6-Inch-wide lane & edge lines that are well maintained are good too!
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16% of the Total
KSI Crashes
25% of Fatals
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Reducing Life-Altering KSI Crashes by 1,000 by 2030
Across Arizona’s 75,000 Miles of Public Roads�Involving Over 6,000,000 Licensed Drivers and 6,800,000 Registered Vehicles
How Will We Achieve This in a Manner We Can Take Credit For and Also Not Blame the Driver Who is Reasonable, Rational and Typically Follows the Rule of the Road?
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Reducing Life-Altering KSI Crashes by 1,000 by 2030
Across Arizona’s 75,000 Miles of Public Roads Involving Over 6,000,000 Licensed Drivers and 6,800,000 Registered Vehicles
We will achieve this ambitious and essential goal through a multi-pronged, proactive strategy that combines: Substantive and systemic safety improvements, including:
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Intervention Category | Example Measures | Estimated KSI Reduction Contribution by 2030 | Notes |
Vehicle Technology | ADAS (AEB, LDW, BSM), DADSS alcohol detection, seatbelt interlocks, Waymo & Other ADS | 10–15% | Primary driver from ADAS adoption; ADS contribution limited to urban cores. |
Infrastructure (STEP/PSC) | PHBs, RRFBs, refuge islands, street lighting, speed & red-light running management, roadside safety improvements, redesigns | 5–8% | STEP/PEDSAFE, Proven Safety Countermeasures (PSC) show strong evidence of reducing pedestrian & roadway crashes. |
Policy/Enforcement | Speed & Redlight Running enforcement, impaired driving enforcement, hands-free laws, automated & manual enforcement | 2–5% | Works synergistically with tech/infrastructure. |
Behavioral/EMS | Seatbelt campaigns, impaired driving deterrence, rural EMS response improvements (e.g. stop the bleed & field transfusions) | 1–3% | Smaller share, but important in rural/tribal areas where severity is highest. |
Bing CoPilot Estimate After A Bit of Prompt Engineering with Crash Data Etc.
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Add That KSI Crash Might Just Trend Down?
Perhaps if there is Recession or Other Event that
Significantly Impacts Vehicle Use and Travel
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Is the 20% KSI Crash Reduction Goal by 2030 Reasonable?
I think the answer to this is Yes, provided that the following conditions are met and sustained:
#1 – Vehicle Safety Technology Adoption & Use
#1A - Expansion Coverage and Use of Robotaxi (Waymo & Others) Automated Driver Systems (ADS)
#1B - Private citizens, if they can afford it, must increasingly purchase new or used vehicles with:
High Crashworthiness Ratings 5-Star & Gross vehicle weight of between 3,500 to 4,000 pounds
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) such as:
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) with pedestrian and cyclist detection
Lane Departure Warning & Lane Keep Assist (LKA)
Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) to prevent speeding
Unrestrained Occupant Interlocks to prevent driving without seat belt use
Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS) and other driver monitoring systems to prevent impaired driving etc. (e.g. D Drivers)
Active Driver Assist systems or retail Automated Driver Systems (ADS) to mitigate failure-to-yield, lane departure crashes, high speed rear end crashes, sideswipe crashes, etc….
These technologies must be widely available, affordable, and adopted across all vehicle classes, including used vehicles and fleet vehicles.
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Tens of Millions of Rider Only Miles
In LA, San Franciso, Phoenix & Austin
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FCW
LDW
Lane Keep Assist (LKA)
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)
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Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI)
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Putting the Safety Context on Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
PARTS I Study Findings�2015 -2020
-Forward Collision Warning (FCW) -Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) -Lane Departure Warning (LDW) -Lane Keep Assist (LKA) | -Lane Centering Assistance (LCA) -Pedestrian Automatic Emergency � Braking (PAEB) |
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PARTS II Scope & Study Findings
2015-2023
ADAS Market Penetration
Reflects rapid voluntary adoption by automakers
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PARTS II Scope & Study Findings
2015-2023
98 million vehicles and 21.2 million police-reported crashes
Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Stellantis, Subaru, and Toyota
Operated by the MITRE Corporation in partnership with NHTSA
Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) - Rear-end crash reduction:
Pedestrian AEB (PAEB) – First statistically significant measure by PARTS
Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Lane Keeping Assist (LKA), Lane Centering Assist (LCA)
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VS
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DC Defines aggravated reckless driving to include:
Driving 30 + over the posted speed limit (PSL).
Driving 20 + over the PSL and causing bodily harm.
Driving 20 + over the PSL and colliding with another vehicle.
Driving 20 + over the PSL and causing over $1,000 in property damage.
Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) Program
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National Level Efforts Regarding Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA)
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Podcasts
Driver Alcohol Detection System �for Safety (DADSS) Consortium
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Bonus Slides
Contact:
Seth Chalmers, PE
seth.chalmers@dibblecorp.com
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FHWA Proven Safety Countermeasures
Almost all align with at least one AzSHSP Emphasis Area
FHWA 28 Proven Safety Countermeasures initiative (PSCi)
Numbering Added by Seth Chalmers is for Reference Purposes Only
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11 Areas of
Countermeasures
Very Well
Done
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Toyota - Toyota Safety Sense introduced in 2015, bundled FCW, LDW, AEB, and LKA.
Became standard across most models by 2018.
Known for early mass-market deployment of ADAS in Corolla, Camry, RAV4.
Honda - Honda Sensing launched in 2015, offering FCW, LDW, LKA, and AEB.
Became standard on Civic and Accord by 2016–2017.
Strong reputation for reliable ADAS performance.
Subaru - EyeSight Driver Assist Technology introduced in 2013, expanded in 2015–2016.
Includes FCW, LDW, LKA, and AEB.
One of the first to make ADAS standard on all trims of many models.
Tesla - Autopilot introduced in 2014, with LCA and LKA as core features.
Pioneered lane centering and adaptive cruise control integration.
Continues to lead in Level 2 automation capabilities [Full Self-Driving (FSD)].
Hyundai / Kia / Genesis
Hyundai SmartSense and Kia Drive Wise began bundling ADAS features in 2016–2017.
Genesis models like the GV80 offer highly rated LKA and LCA systems.
Ford - Ford Co-Pilot360 launched in 2018, offering AEB, FCW, LDW, and LKA.
Became standard on many models by 2020.
Early Leaders in ADAS Adoption
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Passive ISA
Function: Alerts the driver when the vehicle exceeds the speed limit.
Methods: Visual, auditory, or haptic feedback (e.g., vibrating pedal).
Driver Control: Driver decides whether to slow down.
Required: No, voluntarily provide. Most vehicle manufacturers in US have this version.
Active ISA
Function: Actively participates or manages the driver in limiting vehicle speed to match posted limits with warnings (passive style) and intervention (active).
Methods: Limits engine power or restricts accelerator input.
Override: Often includes a temporary override for safety (e.g., merging).
Required: In the EU since July 2024 expect to reduce road deaths by 20%. Starting to gain a little traction in the US as most a punitive tool.
Hybrid Systems
Combine passive alerts with accelerator resistance or speed capping.
May allow manual override but default to “on” at startup.
Technology Used
GPS + Digital Maps: Determines location and speed limit.
Speed Sign Recognition Cameras: Detect posted limits.
Vehicle Speed Sensors: Compare actual speed to limit.
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States with ISA Legislation or Pilots
Virginia: First state to pass ISA legislation (effective July 2026); judges can require ISA for drivers caught going over 100 mph.
Washington State: Passed ISA legislation requiring devices for certain reckless drivers; tampering is a misdemeanor.
Georgia: Passed ISA legislation for repeat offenders (e.g., street racing), but the governor vetoed it.
California: Passed SB 961 which would have included “passive” ISA required for all new passenger vehicles, but was vetoed by governor.
New York, Maryland, Arizona (HB 2786 Representative Quang Nguyen): Introduced ISA-related bills, but not yet enacted.
Washington, D.C.: Active ISA program launched October 1, 2025, targeting aggravated reckless driving.
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Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA) in Arizona
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10/10 Robot Taxi Event
Tesla Own Data – Not
Independently Verified or Reviewed
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Baidu Autonomous Supervision Command Center
SAE Level 4 with human monitoring
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