IMAGE PROCESSING
Submitted by: Miss.Jyoti
(Assistant professor)
Department of Computer Science and IT
�OBJECTIVES: ➢ To learn digital image fundamentals.� ➢ To be exposed to simple image processing techniques. �➢ To be familiar with image compression and segmentation techniques �➢ To represent image in form of features.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS:
IMAGE PROCESSING TOOLBOX (IPT): It is a collection of functions that extend the capability of the MATLAB numeric computing environment. �
1. Image Sensors: With reference to sensing, two elements are required to acquire digital image. The first is a physical device that is sensitive to the energy radiated by the object we wish to image and second is specialized image processing hardware.� �2. Specialize Image Processing Hardware: It consists of the digitizer just mentioned, plus hardware that performs other primitive operations such as an arithmetic logic unit, which performs arithmetic such addition and subtraction and logical operations in parallel onimages. � �3.Computer: It is a general-purpose computer and can range from a PC to a supercomputer depending on the application. In dedicated applications, sometimes specially designed computer is used to achieve a required level of performance �
4. Software: It consists of specialized modules that perform specific tasks a well-designed package also includes capability for the user to write code, as a minimum, utilizes the specialized module. More sophisticated software packages allow the integration of these modules. � �5. Mass Storage:� • Short term storage for use duringprocessing � • On line storage for relatively fastretrieval � • Archival storage such as magnetic tapes and disks.��6. Image Display: Image displays in use today are mainly color TV monitors. These monitors are driven by the outputs of image and graphics displays cards that are an integral part of computer system. �
Purpose of Image processing :�The purpose of image processing is divided into 5 groups. They are: �1. Visualization - Observe the objects that are not visible. �2. Image sharpening and restoration - To create a better image. �3. Image retrieval - Seek for the image of interest. �4. Measurement of pattern – Measures various objects in an image.� 5. Image Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an image.��
Digital Image Techniques are:�• Image Acquisition �• Image Pre processing �• Image Enhancement �• Image Restoration �• Morphological Processing �• Image Segmentation �• Object Recognition�• Image Data Compression
1. Image Acquisition : a fax machine may take several seconds to scan an entire page of text, but the resulting image contains thousands of rows and columns. �2. Image Pre processing : A preliminary processing of data in order to prepare it for the primary processing or for further analysis.��
3. Image Enhancement: the process of adjusting digital images so that the results are more suitable for display or further image analysis. For example, you can remove noise, sharpen, or brighten an image, making it easier to identify key features��
4.Image Restoration : Image restoration is the process of recovering an image from a degraded
5. Morphological Processing : Morphology is a broad set of image processing operations that process images based on shapes. � Morphological operations apply a structuring element to an input image, creating an output image of the same size.�
6. Image Segmentation : Image segmentation is a method in which a digital image is broken down into various subgroups called Image segments which helps in reducing the complexity of the image to make further processing .or analysis of the image simpler�
6.Object Recognition :. Object recognition is a computer vision technique for identifying objects in images or videos. Object recognition is a key output of deep learning and machine learning algorithms. When humans look at a photograph or watch a video, we can readily spot people, objects, scenes, and visual details.
7. image data compression :decreases the amount of memory required to store images digitally or communicate these images over a network such as the internet.
Applications of Digital Image Processing�Some of the major fields in which digital image processing is widely used are mentioned below��
Image sharpening and restoration:�This includes Zooming, blurring , sharpening , gray scale to color conversion, detecting edges and vice versa , Image retrieval and Image recognition�
The original image
Blurr image
Medical field :�The common applications of DIP in the field of medical is�����
UV imaging�In the field of remote sensing , the area of the earth is scanned by a satellite or from a very high ground and then it is analyzed to obtain information about it.� One particular application of digital image processing in the field of remote sensing is to detect infrastructure damages caused by an earthquake�
Transmission and encoding�The very first image that has been transmitted over the wire was from London to New York via a submarine cable. The picture that was sent is shown below��
Machine/Robot vision :�Apart form the many challenges that a robot face today , one of the biggest challenge still is to increase the vision of the robot.�
Hurdle detection : Hurdle detection is one of the common task that has been done through image processing, by identifying different type of objects in the image and then calculating the distance between robot and hurdles.�
Line follower robot :�Most of the robots today work by following the line and thus are called line follower robots. This help a robot to move on its path and perform some tasks. This has also been achieved through image processing�
Color processing�Color processing includes processing of colored images and different color spaces that are used. For example RGB color model , HSV. It also involves studying transmission , storage , and encoding of these color images�
Pattern recognition :�Pattern recognition is used in computer aided diagnosis , recognition of handwriting , recognition of images .�
Video processing�A video is nothing but just the very fast movement of pictures. The quality of the video depends on the number of frames/pictures per minute and the quality of each frame being used. �
Characteristics of Digital Image Processing�
1. Image reconstruction (CT, MRI, SPECT, PET)�2. Image reformatting (Multi-plane, multi-view reconstructions)�3. Fast image storage and retrieval� Fast and high-quality image distribution.�4.Controlled viewing (windowing, zooming)�
Disadvantages:1.It is very much time-consuming.�2.It is very much costly depending on the particular system.�3.Qualified persons can be used.�
THANK YOU�