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Early American Imperialism

U.S. History: Module 1.6

  • I can identify push and pull factors
  • I can explain causes for U.S. expansion and reasons for territorial growth in the continental U.S.
  • I can explain causes for U.S. expansion and reasons for territorial growth beyond the U.S. borders

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Why did the US want to expand?

  • Most Americans desired Pacific Expansion, wanted to resume the course of Manifest Destiny- we were destined to expand
    • compete with European expansion around the world, America was afraid Hawaii would fall under European control
    • build up American military (navy) power, Admiral Mahan knew a large navy needed fueling stations
    • increase markets, U.S. industries/agriculture wanted markets to sell goods
    • bring American ideals to less fortunate people, Church missionaries, establish democracies, “White Man’s Burden”

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Manifest Destiny

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Opposition to the US

  • Hawaii…………...…ignited rebellion, eventually annexed
  • Philippines ………....……………restricted independence
  • China…………..…………….armed resistance to rebellion
  • Colombia………..…………ignited rebellion, Panama est.
  • Venezuela…………………...……….supported coup d'état
  • Nicaragua……………………..……..controlled economics
  • Mexico………....…...invaded country over mistaken arrest

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The United States Takes Hawaii

  • 1830’s William Hooper established a sugar plantation in Hawaii
    • first of many American business individuals
    • Americans-owned sugar plantations and had ¾ of the island's’ wealth
  • Arrival of these merchants, missionaries, and planters brought negative consequences
    • infectious disease
    • undermined native religion
    • introduced: liquor, firearms, commercial economy

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Annexation of Hawaii

  • 1875 treaty allowed duty free (no tariff) sugar to the U.S.
  • 1887 King Kalakaua was forced to change the Constitution to give voting rights only to wealthy landowners
  • 1887 treaty allowing naval base in Hawaii at Pearl Harbor

King Kalakaua

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Annexation of Hawaii

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Kekaha Sugar Company, Ltd

  • 1890- McKinley Tariff Act gets rid of duty-free sugar
    • created competition with Cuba
    • plantation owners upset
    • want to be annexed
  • 1891 - King died his sister Queen Liliuokalani takes over
    • wanted to change the constitution back

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The Annexation

  • Queen Liliuokalani challenged American control
    • economy was destroyed
    • only choice was to join U.S. to have exemption from tariffs (taxes)
  • 1897 Queen Liliuokalani was forced to abdicate throne
  • American lead military coup
    • Sanford B. Dole takes over Hawaii with U.S. support- cousin of fruit king James Dole

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Birth of a State

  • President Cleveland ordered Monarchy Restored
    • Dole refused - thus the Republic of Hawaii
  • President McKinley annexed Hawaii without Hawaiian input in 1898
  • Hawaiian statehood in 1959