INTRODUCTION

• Dental anomalies are abnormalities of form, function, or position of the teeth, bones, and tissues of the jaw and mouth.
• They are caused by complex multifactorial interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors during the long process of dental development.

Anomaly types:

• Anomaly of size
• Anomaly of shape
• Anomaly of number
• Anomaly of structure

Anomaly of size

2 types:

• Microdontia: Teeth smaller than normal

Subdivided into: Generalized Microdontia: Pituitary dwarfism

Localized Microdontia: Peg lateral (Max Lateral Incisor is cone shaped)

• Macrodontia: Teeth larger than normal

Subdivided into: Generalized Macrodontia: Pituitary gigantism

Localized Macrodontia

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Anomaly of shape

1. Gemination: Division of single tooth gum by invagination

Only 1 root present

(We can say that overall 1 teeth increased if

counted as 2)

2. Fusion: Two teeth unite to form one teeth.

Two roots present

(We can say that there is 1 missing tooth if counted

as 1)

2 types: Complete: Roots also fused.

Incomplete: Roots not fused.

3. Concrescence: It is a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together. It usually involves only two teeth. The most commonly involved teeth are upper second and third molars.

4. Dilaceration: It refers to an angulation, or a sharp bend or curve, in the root or crown of a formed tooth. This disturbance is more likely to affect the maxillary incisors and occurs in permanent dentition.

5. Dens evaginatus: Appears as accessory cusp/globule of enamel on the occlusal surface between buccal and lingual cusps. Premolars are more likely to be affected than any other tooth.  It is more common in men than in women, more frequent in the mandibular teeth than the maxillary teeth.

6. Dens invaginatus: It is also known as tooth within a tooth and it is a rare dental malformation found in teeth where there is an infolding of enamel into dentine. The prevalence of condition is 0.3 - 10%, affecting more males than females.  Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors (80%), followed by maxillary canines (20%)

7. Talon’s cusp: Extra cusp in lingual side of incisors. Aka Eagle’s talon beak.

8. Taurodontism: It is a condition found in the molar teeth of humans whereby the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged vertically at the expense of the roots. As a result, the floor of the pulp and the furcation of the tooth is moved apically down the root.

9. Enamel pearls: They are a developmental anomaly of teeth, also known as enamelous, enamel droplets, enamel globules, enamel nodules, enamel knots and enamel exostoses. They are ectopic globules of enamel on the root surface 

10. Shovel shaped teeth: Lingual extension of lateral bprders of incisors (towards inside). Seen in mongoloids (80-85%), caucasoids (2-6%) and negroids (1-2%).

11. Cusp of Carabelli: The cusp of Carabelli, or Carabelli's tubercle, or tuberculum anomale of Georg Carabelli is a small additional cusp at the mesiopalatal line angle of maxillary first molars.

12. Protostylid: A protostylid is a supernumerary or accessory cusp located on the mesial half of the buccal surface on the molars (Less than 1% population).