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Bell Ringer

How did Otto von Bismarck achieve German unification? How is this an example of Realpolitik?

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Nation Building and Reform

Mid-19th Century

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Essential Question

What efforts for reform occurred in the Austrian Empire, Russia, and Great Britain between 1850 and 1870, and how successful were they in alleviating each nation’s problems?

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The Austrian Empire: Toward a Dual Monarchy

  • 1851- revolutionary constitutions were abolished, and a system of centralized autocracy was imposed
  • Alexander von Bach- local privileges were unified (taxation and law)
  • Emperor Francis Joseph attempted to establish an imperial parliament- the Reichsrat
  • Met with fierce resistance from nationalist Hungarians- negotiated Ausgleich of 1867- created a dual monarchy under one constitution

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Imperial Russia

  • Russia lost to Great Britain and France in the Crimean War
  • Alexander II came to power during the Crimean War
  • March 3, 1861- emancipated all serfs- landowners kept the best land- caused a worsened situation
  • 1864- Alexander attempted another reform- zemstvos- local assemblies
  • Alexander could not control the reformers- assassinated- succeeded by Alexander III

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The United States: Slavery and War

  • Abraham Lincoln-elected in November of 1860
  • South Carolina seceded in December 1860- 6 more states did the same in February
  • April 1861- Fighting broke out at Ft. Sumter
  • Civil War (1861-1865)- 600,000 soldiers died
  • January 1, 1863- slaves were emancipated
  • Robert E. Lee surrendered April 9, 1865

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The Emergence of a Canadian Nation

  • Treaty of Paris 1763, passed Canada (New France) into the hands of Great Britain
  • 1837- a number of Canadian groups rose in rebellion against British rule
  • The American Civil War proved to be the turning point as Great Britain did not want to get involved in a conflict with the U.S. and Canada- they also wanted to reduce spending in the colonies
  • 1867- Canada became independent

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England: The Victorian Age

  • Queen Victoria reigned from 1837-1901
  • The British feeling of national pride was reflected in her reign
  • Britain experienced continued economic growth
  • Politically, this was an unstable time
  • Aristocratic and upper-middle-class representatives dominated Parliament and caused internal strife
  • William Gladstone led the first liberal administration from 1868-1874
  • Education Act of 1870 made elementary school available to all children

The Victorian Era Explained: The 18 y/o Monarch of England

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Homework

Study Guide due Friday

AP: WCI Reader pgs. 292-296 due block day