Covalent Bonds

Narindra Hanung P. | SEA Teacher Program

Chemistry Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Metallic Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Connect metals and non-metals

Connect metals-metals

Connect two similar electronegative non-metals

What do you know about Covalent Bonds?

Covalent bond is formed by the equal sharing of electrons from both participating atoms.

+

+

-

-

Attraction

Shared electrons

Nucleus

Elements having very high ionization energies are incapable of transferring electrons, and elements having very low electron affinity cannot take up electrons.

The atoms of such elements tend to share their electrons with the atoms obtain octet configuration in their respective valence shells, and thus achieve stability. Such association through sharing of electron pairs among different or same kinds (Covalent Bonds)

Sharing of electrons between atoms of the same kind, (H₂, Cl₂, O₂, etc.)

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Sharing of electrons between atoms of different kinds, (CH₄, H₂O, NH₃, etc.)

What’s the difference between Covalent Bond and Ionic Bond?

What’s the difference between Covalent Bond and Ionic Bond?

What is Octet Rule?

All atoms except noble gases have less than eight electrons in their valence shell.

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In the other words, the valence shells of these atoms do not have stable configurations. Therefore, they combine with each other or with other atoms to attain stable electronic configurations.

The tendency of atoms of various elements to attain stable configuration of eight electrons in their valance shells is the cause of chemical combination

The principle of attaining the maximum of eight electrons in the valence shell of atoms is called the octet rule.

Lewis introduced simple symbol to denote the electrons present in the outer shell of an atom know as the valence electrons.

Lewis dot structure

Conditions for Writing the Lewis Dot Structures

• Sharing of an electron pair between the atoms results in the formation of covalent bonds
• During bond formation, each bond consists of two electrons which are contributed by each one of the combining atoms
• By the mutual sharing of electrons, each atom attains an octet configuration in its valence shell.

Types of Covalent Bonds

Depending upon the number of shared electron pairs, the covalent bond can be classified into:

1. Single Covalent Bond
2. Double Covalent Bond
3. Triple Covalent Bond

Single Covalent Bond

Single bond is formed when only one pair of electrons is shared between the two participating atoms.

It is represented by one dash ( - )

Single covalent bond is the most stable.

Double Covalent Bond

Double bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between the two participating atoms. It represented by two dashes (=).

Double covalent bonds are much stronger than single bonds, but they are less stable.

Triple Covalent Bond

Triple bond is formed when three pairs of electrons are shared between the two participating atoms. It represented by three dashes (≡).

Triple bonds are the least stable type of covalent bonds.

• Make group of 4-5 students
• Every group answer the question by discussion
• Every student write down their result of discussion on their own book
• Each group that has answered all the questions, the representative can write it on the whiteboard. 1 representative = 1 answer
• Each correct answer will get 10 points for the group
• The group with the most points will get a reward.

Group Rule

Identify the electron valence and draw the Lewis Dot Structure of these compound!

1. Cl₂
2. Br₂
3. HF
4. NH₃
5. C₂H₆
6. HCl
7. CO₂
8. SO₂
9. SO₃^2-
10. C₂N₂

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