Phenomena, Modeling, and Evidence-Based Explanations:
A Collaborative Approach to Shifting Science Instruction in Ohio's Classrooms
Presenters:
Leslie Silbernagel; SECO Executive Director
Holly Lavender; SECO President
Lisa Borgerding, Ph.D.; Kent State University
Lydia Hunter, Ohio Department of Education and Workforce
Lyndsey Manzo; Westerville City Schools
Getting students
(and teachers) to do real science!
Phenomena in 3D: Using Phenomena to Support Student Discourse
Virtual Series
Rachael Lancor and Sarah Adumat
Using Phenomena to Support Student Discourse
Example of a Simple Phenomenon…
7
Question Formulation Technique
Classroom example from a participating teacher
Ambitious Science Teaching (grant project)
An example of Modeling in a Secondary Classroom
AST - Modeling
AST - Modeling
What’s Next?
Ambitious Science Teaching in Preservice Science Teacher Education
LISA BORGERDING, PH.D.
PROFESSOR OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
This Presentation
Overview of AST & KSU ADED Program
Ambitious Science Teaching & Preservice Science Teacher Education
AST Emphases
NSTA Preservice Science Teacher (Secondary) Standards
KSU ADED Program
KSU ADED Science Education Coursework
Science Methods 1
ST Inquiry
Science Practicum
(96-hour field experience)
Science Methods 2
Student Teaching
(13 weeks, full T schedule)
Spring (Junior)
Spring (Senior)
Fall (Senior)
AST in KSU ADED Science Ed Courses
Science Methods 1
ST Inquiry
Science Practicum
(96-hour field experience)
Science Methods 2
Student Teaching
(13 weeks, full T schedule)
Spring (Junior)
Spring (Senior)
Fall (Senior)
First Model AST Lesson
WHAT ARE ANCHORING EVENTS?
WHY USE ANCHORING EVENTS?
HOW TO USE ANCHORING EVENTS TO DRIVE INQUIRY
2. Select an Anchoring Event & Essential Question
3. Sequence Learning Activities
Will a 14-lb bowling ball float in the Dead Sea?
(1:35)
What (science) do you know about this? | What do you need to know? |
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FIRST IDEAS
How does the bowling ball feel heavy and then light?
Launch into Density Learning Cycle
What’s up with my candle? DE
Predict
Observe
What do you predict will happen when I put this candle in this beaker of liquid?
What do you OBSERVE when I put this candle in this beaker of liquid?
Explain
Did your observations match your predictions?
What science ideas help explain these observations?
What’s this got to do with a 14-lb bowling ball floating in the Dead Sea?
Chat with your table-group.
Reflect…Summary Table
Activity | What we Observed | What we Learned | How it helps us understand X |
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Summary Table – a tool that records the main observations and findings from each activity and how it helps them understand the phenomenon
Mass and Volume of Stuff
� | Sugar Cube | Paper Clips | Weights | Raisins | Beans | Carrot | Styrofoam | Marbles |
Mass of 1 “unit” (g) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Volume of 1 “unit” (mL) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Mass of 2 “units” (g) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Volume of 2 “units” (mL) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Mass of 3 “units” (g) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Volume of 3 “units” (mL) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Mass of 4 “units” (g) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
Volume of 4 “units” (mL) | � | � | � | � | � | � | � | � |
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Also record if your “stuff” FLOATS in water.
Then, plot your mass x volume data.
What’s this got to do with a 14-lb bowling ball floating in the Dead Sea?
Chat with your table-group.
Activity | What we Observed | What we Learned | How it helps us understand X |
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2. Mass & Volume of Stuff |
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Density Defined
Substance | Density (g/cm3) |
Blood | 1.035 |
Corn Oil | 0.922 |
Mayonnaise | 0.910 |
Honey | 1.420 |
Body Fat | 0.918 |
Whole Milk | 1.030 |
Density Calculations Practice
Solve for D
Solve for m
Solve for V
Solve for D, compare to water
Manipulate, Solve for m
REVISIT OUR MODELS
How does the bowling ball feel heavy and then light?
Density Cubes Application
Material | Average Density | Does it Float in Water? |
Acrylic | | |
Aluminum | | |
Brass | | |
Copper | | |
Oak | | |
Pine | | |
Polypropylene | | |
PVC | | |
Steel | | |
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Based on this empirical data, what can you conclude about the density of water? What evidence supports your conclusion?
What’s this got to do with a 14-lb bowling ball floating in the Dead Sea?
Chat with your table-group.
Activity | What we Observed | What we Learned | How it helps us understand X |
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2. Mass & Volume of Stuff |
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3. Density Notes & Calculations |
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4. Density Cubes Lab |
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Make this Carrot Float Challenge
Things you may need to know…
So, will a 14-lb bowling ball float in the Dead Sea?
Givens:
Reflect on this Experience
Make an LP for this mini-unit
Ambitious Science Teaching
What will I be doing for the Ambitious Science Teaching Lesson Plan?
Ambitious Science
Teaching
Model AST Unit in the Fall
WHO WAS RUBE GOLDBERG?
In his drawings, he labeled each step in the chain reaction with a letter
RUBE GOLDBERG MACHINES
OBSERVE THIS RGM
Video
WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW?
Chat with your team and write down your ideas
How does energy make the Rube Goldberg Machine work?
FIRST IDEAS
How does energy make the Rube Goldberg Machine work?
OVER THE NEXT WEEK: RGM
Your Challenge: Design a Rube Goldberg Machine that fits on a moveable tray, lifts a cat toy 10 cm from a reference point, has at least 2 energy transformations, and ends in a marble running down a 1-meter track to the floor. You can only touch your contraption once, at the beginning.
You have to BUY your materials (starting $ is $10)
You’ll calculate the G.P.E. & K.E. of your marble & the work done on the toy
You’ll present your final RGM in class & at a school-wide event
A LEARNING SEQUENCE WITH THIS ANCHORING EVENT
Day 1
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Day 6
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| Day 10
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Examples of PST AST Work
CHEMISTRY ANCHORING EVENT
-PS.M.5: Reactions of Matter
-CP.M.3: Chemical Bonding
2. Anchoring Event & Essential Question
How can chemical reactions alter the temperature of their surroundings?
EVENT: Students set up an MRE (meal ready to eat). They follow package directions to set up the flameless heater. They watch water react with the heater and cook their food packet within seconds. Then, students eat!
3. Sequence Learning Activities
After the anchoring event…
PHYSICS ANCHORING EVENTS
Big Idea
Sound Waves
Important Concepts
Essential Questions:
Anchoring Event
The students will be shown a demo of two speakers facing one another. The speakers will play a consistent frequency towards one another to make a louder sound. Second reverse the audio cables of one speaker to cause the sounds to be out of phase. Students will investigate and try to make sense volume difference they are hearing. Throughout the unit, they will investigate the effects of wave phase on sound. This anchoring event challenges students to visualize sound as waves and therefore, study the ways waves interact and behave in real-life scenarios.
AST MINI-UNIT: CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Big Idea
Chemical Reactions
Important Concepts
Essential Question:
Why do baked goods rise?
Anchoring Event
Better & Worse Cupcakes
Cupcake Chemistry
What is happening to the batter?
Which of these would you rather have?
Modeling : What do you think happens in the cupcake through the baking process?
Objectives
Recipe Reactions
*Vinegar is a skin irritant, so be careful
Double Replacement Reactions
HF (aq) + NaOH (aq) → H2O + NaF (aq)
AB + CD → AD + CB
Neutralization Reactions
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
pH Scale
Model Revisions: update the model you drew before!
AST MINI-UNIT: KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY & GAS LAWS
Big Idea
Kinetic molecular theory & Gas laws
Important Concepts
Essential Question:
Why does the can collapse?
Anchoring Event
Collapsing Can
Kinetic-Molecular Theory and Gas Laws
Unit Objectives
Soda Can Lab
Predict what happened to the can/train car on your worksheets
Discussion
Model Your Thinking
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
The theory that a gas consists of molecules in constant, random motion
States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Molecules are closely packed together in a structurally rigid shape
Nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container
The form of matter that is an easily compressed fluid that conforms to the shape of its container
Electrons wander freely among the nuclei of the atoms
Factors Affecting Gases
Pressure(P)
Temperature(T)
Volume(V)
Quantity(n)
The force exerted per unit area of surface
Units: Atmosphere (atm), Pascals (Pa), Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
The degree of intensity of heat of an object or substance
Units: Fahrenheit (F), Celsius (C), Kelvin (K)
The amount of space an object takes up
Units: Liters(L)
The amount of a substance
Units: Moles(mol)
Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
Combined Gas Law
Charles’ Law
Ideal Gas Law
Avogadro’s Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law
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Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law Example
A container has a pressure of 2.0 atms and volume of 6.0 L. The pressure is then increased to 4.0 atms. What is the new volume?
P1V1=P2V2
P1= 2.0 atms
V1= 6.0 L
P2= 4.0 atms
V2= ?
(2.0 atms)(6.0 L)=(4.0 atms)V2
(2.0 atms)(6.0 L)=V2
(4.0 atms)
V2=3.0 L
Gas Laws Lab & Practice
Revisit Your Model
Challenges & Future Directions
Challenges
Future Directions
Ambitious Science
Teaching
Teaching Teachers to Turn Students into Scientists
May 10, 2024
Lyndsey Manzo (manzol@wcsoh.org) & Heather Griffith (griffith@wcsoh.org)
Westerville City Schools
Why?
What?
Now what?
How?
So what?
1
Today’s Goal:
Share a model of professional learning we are using to help K-12 teachers shift instructional practice from “learning about” to “figuring out”
2
4
3
5
Why did we choose this topic?
Why did we choose this topic?
Wow! From the student issued paperback science lab book with the publisher labs already built in so a monkey could supervise the lab, to now for me anyway, all custom (not necessarily unique that I alone created) but some unique to me and modified for my use, but probably not reproducible as it for anyone else. To now we do introductory investigations ahead of instruction rather than strict proof and confirmation of material. Not to mention for me, no more beeping filmstrips, no more film winding on the movie projector! Yes! But the advances of technology for teaching such as computers (yes I began on an Apple IIe with a floppy disc) and the internet capabilities to show up to date images and video clips is amazing, not to mention the presentation and organization of experimental data by students for presentation. Science has become more student exploratory centered.
Science instruction today differs from instruction 10 - 20 years ago in that . . .
What did we develop?
Why is the sequence of components critical when designing lessons?
How do we help students shift from "learning about" to "figuring out" science?
How can you help students become scientists in the classroom every day?
How can uncovering students' misconceptions inform what and how you teach?
How did we do this?
Synchronous Learning
Behind the Scenes
Asynchronous
Learning
Getting Started with Three Dimensional Science Instructions - NKU CINSAM
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Synchronous
Meeting 1: SEPs
“figuring out,
not just learning about”
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Synchronous
Meeting 2: Learning About vs Figuring Out
“figuring out, not just learning about”
Develop a model to describe the cycling of water through Earth's systems driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity.
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Synchronous
Meeting 3: Uncovering Students’ Misconceptions
“figuring out, not just learning about”
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Synchronous
Meeting 4: Building the Network
“figuring out, not just learning about”
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Synchronous
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Asynchronous
Readings & Videos
Best Practices in
Professional Learning - Asynchronous
Modeling through Questions
1. E = Excited - What excites you about this idea or propositions? What’s the upside?
2. W = Worrisome - What do you find worrisome about this idea or proposition? What’s the downside?
3. N = Need to Know - What else do you need to know or find out about this idea or proposition? What additional information would help you to evaluate things?
4. S = Stance or Suggestion for Moving Forward - What is your current stance or opinion on the idea or proposition? How might you move forward in your evaluation of this idea or proposition?
Behind the Scenes - Planning
Master Planning Document
Interactive Agenda
Behind the Scenes - Planning
Behind the Scenes - Planning
Behind the Scenes - Planning
Behind the Scenes - Planning
Behind the Scenes - Planning
Timeline
Jan 25
April 8
Jan 25
E: Ch. 1-3
S: Ch. 1-2
Feb 12
E: Ch. 4-5
S: Ch. 3-4
Mar 4
E: Ch. 14
S: Ch. 10
E: Ch. 6-13 S: Ch. 5-9
So what did they think?
I loved the energy I received from this class. The instructors work hard to walk the walk. The hands-on activities really helped to see how important the doing process in the start of the lesson helps spark the thinking and make connections to concepts.
The course was well organized and very useful. I learned a lot that I can actually put into practice in the classroom.
I really appreciated how applicable this course was to my classroom and professional development. I felt like I always walked away with something I could use in my classroom and a better understanding of the content. I appreciated the online and in person format.
I feel this course was very reasonable. The time spent reading, taking notes, meeting, and discussing allowed me to really think about 5E and the necessity to allow students to figure it out instead of dictating it to them. This course was meaningful, beneficial, and applicable to my current teaching. Thanks!
Thank you for putting together a course that is applicable and relevant to my work in the classroom. I am interested in doing more of this kind of work
I would love to explore this more in a part 2 if it is offered!
Lyndsey and Heather walked the walk from our very first get together! Our first circus event was a great hook to get us engaged. Realizing that exploring before explain was a great flip and made a huge difference. You get students engaged right away and then they start to make connections. You can identify misconceptions early and adjust to help build a stronger understanding.
So what did they think?
I love the idea of the SEP wheel or poster.
We have the ability to guide students in one of those practices everyday and to help them realize that all of these practices are part of "doing science."
I thought this was really beneficial when a large group of the same subject/department took it together. We can continue working and building on what we know. Please do part two!!!
Thank you for this opportunity. I know I need to practice and incorporate more of these strategies into my teaching. I feel that if we get more of our science staff to "buy in" to this, it would make it easier for us to implement because we could share ideas and create lessons together.
I would really like to dig into creating units of study with my grade level content that I could use and take back to my team. I want to create valuable activities and try them out to really apply what I am learning in this course.
I love open ended exploratory investigations within the curriculum and steering them toward their own investigations of interest to bring back to class and share.
I enjoyed learning all of the new techniques used to help students actively learn science. The instructors provided us with hands-on lessons that we could implement in our classroom right away with little modifications. Also the tools were provided so that we could adjust our current curriculum to incorporate Engage before Explore.
Now what comes next?
24-25: Turning Students into
Scientists 1.0 & 2.0
TSS 2.0: Ambitious Science Teaching
Core Practices 2 & 3
DEPARTMENT PRIORITIES
107
KEY ASPECTS FOR SCIENCE
108
SCIENCE RUBRICS
109
DIVERSE INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS
110
CURRICULUM-BASED PROFESSIONAL LEARNING
111
Interdisciplinary collaboration is KEY to
Ambitious Science Teaching!
SECO Membership is FREE
For Pre-Service Teachers!
Support: SECO’s membership of more than 1,000 Science Teachers across the State of Ohio share one aim: to help one another be the best we can be.
Experiences: Through workshops, conferences and networks at the local and state level, we provide an array of ways for teachers to connect and engage.
Collaborations: SECO maintains alliances with a wide network of educational stakeholders at the local, state, and federal level. We serve as a liaison and advocate for issues of importance to our members.
Outreach:We proudly extend opportunities to recognize and honor excellence in Science Learning for the benefit of students and professionals.
Science Education Council of Ohio
@ThrivewithSECO
Professional Development Opportunities
Go to the SECO Website to view www.secoonline.org
SAVE THE DATE!
2025 SECO Science Symposium
January 27-28, 2025
Nationwide Hotel and Conference Center
Lewis Center, OH
Go to the SECO Website to view www.secoonline.org