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དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གཞུང་། ཤེས་རིག་དང་རིག་རྩལ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག།

Department of School Education

Ministry of Education & Skills Development

Python Coding

January 2024

Class IX ICT Curriculum

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Key stage IV

Class IX

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TURTLE MODULE

Key Concept # 4

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Concept Overview

Coding Concept	Sub-Concepts
Python Turtle Module	Importing the turtle module Turtle window setting - size(), title(), shape(), bgcolor(), showturtle(), hideturtle() Turtle basic motions methods- forward(), backward(), left(), right(), circle() Turtle pen control methods - pencolor(), pensize(), pendown(), penup(), speed(), goto(), setpos(), setposition() Colour control - begin_fill(), end_fill() Text method - write()

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Objectives

Define Python turtle with examples.
Import the turtle module in Python.
Manipulate turtle window using setup(), bgcolor(), title() and shape() methods.
Use motion methods in turtle programs to control the movement and create basic shapes.
Add colours to shapes and drawings using different colour methods.
Insert text in turtle drawings using text() method.
Create basic graphics or drawings using the turtle module.

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Introduction to Turtle Module

Turtle is a Python library that is used to create graphics.

The onscreen pen that you use for drawing is called the turtle.

The turtle can draw lines, and shapes and also change colours, sizes and shapes.

The turtle can also be used to create complex shapes and images using loops and functions.

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Importance of Turtle Module

Easy Start

Helps beginners understand coding basics like loops and variables.

See Results

You can see what your code does instantly.

Be Creative

Make cool drawings and simple games.

Solve Problems

Practice thinking logically and finding solutions.

Learn Coordinates

Understand how x and y coordinates work.

Try GUIs

Get ready for making interactive programs.

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Importing Turtle Module

Before we can use turtle, we need to import it. The following are commonly used methods to import the turtle module in Python:

Using the import turtle statement - this imports the entire turtle module and allows you to use all of its functions and classes.

1

Using the from turtle import * statement - this imports all of the functions and classes from the turtle module into the current namespace, so you don't have to use the turtle prefix when calling them.

2

Direct import

Import Everything

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Examples of importing Turtle Module

To draw a rectangle we can write the following codes in Python Turtle. In the first example we use import turtle, and in the second case we use from turtle import * .

import turtle

Tk=turtle.Turtle()

for x in range(4)

Tk.forward(200)

Tk.right(90)

Tk.done()

1

from turtle import *

for x in range(4)

forward(200)

right(90)

done()

2

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Turtle Methods

In Turtle graphics, a virtual turtle moves around the screen, and programmers can control its movements and drawings using specific methods.
The turtle can also be configured to change its colour, shape, and size using various methods.

Turtle Methods

Colour control

Text method

Window setting

Pen control

Basic motions

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WINDOW SETTING

ACTIVITIES

Understanding the Different Window Settings Methods
Demo - Window Setting
Activity 1 - Window Setting

1

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Turtle Window Settings

Turtles live in a grid world guided by an x-axis and y-axis. Turtle’s home is at the very center of the canvas, at coordinate point (0,0).

In the canva shown alongside the x-axis goes from -200 to +200 and the y-axis also goes from -200 to 200.

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Turtle Window Settings

We can apply the following methods to set turtle window.

Sl#	Methods	Purpose
1	setup(x, y)	To set the size of the canva
2	title(" ")	To set the windows title
3	shape("turtle")	To change the turtle graphics object to one of the built-in shapes( "turtle", "arrow", "circle", or "square")
4	bgcolor("color")	To change the background color
5	showturtle()	To make the turtle cursor visible on screen
6	hideturtle()	To make the turtle cursor invisible on screen

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Demo - Windows Setting

Write a Python program to change the turtle window’s settings as follows:

Set the window size to 300x250 pixels.
Create a program that changes the background colour to yellow.
Give the window title "Colorful Turtle Canvas."

A sample window is provided alongside.

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Demo - Solution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	#import the turtle module from turtle import * # Set the background color of the window to yellow bgcolor("yellow") #Set the window size to 300x250 pixels setup(350,250) # Set the title of the Turtle window title("Colorful Turtle Canvas")

Code

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Activity 1 - Windows Setting

Write a Python program to create a turtle windows with the following settings:

Change the shape of the turtle to “square”.
Change the window size height=400 and width=350
Change the title to “This is a title to the window!”.
Change the background colour to “pink”.

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Activity 1 - Solution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10	#import the turtle module from turtle import * # Create a Turtle object with the shape "square" shape("square") #Change the window size height=400 and width=350 setup(height=400,width=350) # Set the title of the Turtle window title("This is a title to the window!") # Set the background color of the window to pink bgcolor("pink")

Code

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BASIC MOTIONS

ACTIVITIES

Understanding Turtle Motions and Motion Methods
Demo 1 - Drawing a Line
Activity 1 - Drawing a Circle
Demo 2 - Drawing an Arc
Activity 2- Drawing a Square
Activity 3 - Drawing an Ice Cream

2

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Turtle Basic Motions

To draw something on the turtle canvas, we need to move the turtle. Following methods are used to apply motion to the turtle.

Sl#	Methods	Purpose
1	forward(distance)	To move the turtle forward a specified distance.
2	backward(distance)	To move the turtle backward a specified distance.
3	right(angle)	To turn the turtle 90 degrees to the left.
4	left(angle)	To turn the turtle 90 degrees to the right.
5	circle(radius)	To draw a circle.

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Example 1 - Turning Left/Right

Write a Python program using the turtle module to turn the turtle left and right.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7	#turtle program to turn the turtle left and then right from turtle import * title(“Turning left and right”) left(90) forward(100) right(90) forward(100

Code

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Demo 1 - Drawing a line

Write a Python program using the turtle module to move 100

pixels forward and then move 100 pixels backward.

1 2 3 4 5	#turtle program to draw the moving forward and backward from turtle import * title("Moving forward and backward") forward(100) backward(100)

Code

Output

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Drawing a Circle

The circle method in Python turtle can be used to draw a circle or an arc.

The part of the circle in degrees as an arc

Syntax →

circle(radius, extent=None, steps=None)

Radius of the circle

Divide the shape in the equal number of given steps.

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Activity 1 - Drawing a Circle

Code

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw two circles as shown below.

1 2 3 4 5 6	#Turtle program to draw the circles from turtle import * title(“Drawing circles”) circle(50) forward(100) circle(50)

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Demo 2 - Drawing an Arc

Code

Output

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a semi circle

with a radius of 50 pixel. Hint: use extent parameter in circle

1 2 3 4	from turtle import * pensize(4) circle(100, extent=180) hideturtle()

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Code

Activity 2 - Drawing a Square

Output →

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a square with side lengths of 200 pixels.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10	#drawing the square from turtle import * forward(200) right(90) forward(200) right(90) forward(200) right(90) forward(200) right(90)

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Code

Activity 3 - Drawing an Ice Cream

Output →

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw an ice cream as shown in the example given below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10	from turtle import * pensize(4) left(90) circle(100,180) pensize(10) goto(0,0) right(45) goto(-100,-200) goto(-200,0) done()

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PEN CONTROL

ACTIVITIES

Understanding the use of Pen Controls and Pen Control Methods
Activity 1 - Identifying the Methods
Demo 1 - Draw a House
Activity 2 - Drawing Flag Boundary
Activity 3 - Drawing Olympic Ring

3

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Turtle Pen Control

Turtle Pen Control methods provide control over the drawings on the turtle canvas. These methods allow you to customize the appearance and behaviour of the pen used by the turtle to draw on the canvas.

Sl#	Methods	Purpose
1	pendown()	To set the turtle's pen down, so that it will draw a line as it moves.
2	penup()	To lift the turtle's pen up, so that it will not draw a line as it moves.

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Turtle Pen Control (cont.)

SI#	Command	Purpose
3	pensize(width)	To set the width of the turtle's pen. The width is specified in pixels.
4	pencolor(color)	To set the color of the turtle's pen. *
5	speed(speed)	To control the speed of the turtle. where speed is an integer or a string. **
6	goto(x, y) setpos(x,y) setposition(x,y)	Move the turtle to the specified x, y coordinates on the screen.

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Activity 1 - Identifying the Methods

Watch the following video or observe the image and list down the methods used in the program.

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Activity 1 - Solution

bgcolor(“blanched almond “)

pencolor(“blue”)

pencolor(“red”)

pensize(3)

circle(100)

moves the turtle to a new position

penup()

pendown()

forward(100)

→

pensize(6)

forward(100)

left(90)

The methods used in the program are as the following:

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Demo 1 - Draw a House

Write a Python program to draw a simple house as shown below.

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Demo 1 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10	from turtle import * pensize(5) penup() goto(-100,0) pendown() forward(200) left(90) forward(150) left(90) forward(200)

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20	left(90) forward(150) left(90) penup() goto(-20,0) pendown() left(90) forward(80) right(90) forward(40)

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30	right(90) forward(80) left(90) penup() goto(-130,150) pendown() forward(260) goto(0,200) goto(-130,150) penup()

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Activity 2 - Drawing Flag Boundary

Write a Python program to draw the boundary of the Bhutan Flag as shown below. You will fill the colour after learning the colour fill methods.

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Activity 2 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	from turtle import * pensize(3) shape("turtle") penup() goto(-200,0) pendown() left(90) forward(200) right(90)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18	forward(300) right(146) forward(360) left(180) forward(360) right(124) forward(200) right(90) forward(300)

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Activity 3 - Drawing Olympic Ring

Write a Python program using turtle module to draw an olympic logo as shown below.

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Activity 3 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9	from turtle import * pensize(5) color("blue") penup() goto(-110, -25) pendown() circle(45) color("black") penup()

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18	goto(0, -25) pendown() circle(45) color("red") penup() goto(110, -25) pendown() circle(45) color("yellow")

192021222324 25 2627	penup() goto(-55, -75) pendown() circle(45) color("green") penup() goto(55, -75) pendown() circle(45)

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COLOUR FILL

ACTIVITIES

Understanding Color Control Methods
Demo - Colouring a Circle
Activity 1 - Coloring a Circle
Activity 2 - Colouring Bhutan Flag
Activity 3 - Check Your Understanding
Activity 4 - Drawing a YouTube logo

4

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Python Colour Fills

In Python turtle module, the colour fill methods are used to control the filling of shapes drawn by the turtle. When you draw a closed shape, such as a polygon or a circle, you can use colour fill methods to specify the colour that fills the interior of the shape.

Sl#	Methods	Purpose
1	begin_fill()	Tells turtle to fill in any closed shapes that are drawn
2	end_fill()	Tells turtle to stop filling in closed shapes that are drawn

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Demo - Colouring a Circle

Code

Output

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a circle filled with purple colour.

1 2 3 4 5 6	from turtle import * shape("turtle") begin_fill() color("purple") circle(50) end_fill()

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Activity 1 - Colouring Circles

Write a Python program in your notebook using the turtle module to

create four different circles as shown below. Then check the drawings on your computer.

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Activity 1 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15	from turtle import * pensize(5) shape("turtle") penup() goto(-150,0) pendown() color("pink") begin_fill() circle(40) end_fill() penup() forward(100) pendown() color("blue") circle(40)

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30	penup() forward(100) pendown() color("purple", "orange") begin_fill() circle(40) end_fill() penup() forward(100) pendown() color("purple", "orange") pensize(9) begin_fill() circle(40) end_fill()

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Activity 2 - Colouring Bhutan Flag

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw the National flag of Bhutan as shown below. What does each colour signify? What has to be added to complete the flag?

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Activity 2 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	from turtle import * pensize(3) shape("turtle") penup() goto(-200,0) pendown() fillcolor(“yellow”) begin_fill()

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18	left(90) forward(200) right(90) forward(300) right(146) forward(360) end_fill() fillcolor(”orange”)

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28	begin_fill() left(180) forward(360) right(124) forward(200) right(90) forward(300) end_fill()

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Activity 3 - Check Your Understanding

Write the answers for the following questions in your notebook.:

What does the begin_fill() method in Python turtle module signify?

Ans: Marks the beginning of the colour fill

In the turtle module, what happens if you call end_fill() without first calling begin_fill()?

Ans: If you forget to call begin_fill() before using end_fill(), the turtle assumes that there is no shape to fill, and as a result, the colour filling process doesn't take place.

What is the default colour used for filling shapes if fillcolor() is not explicitly set? (Choose the correct answer from the option given)

a) Red b) Green c) Black

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Activity 4 - Drawing a YouTube Logo

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a YouTube logo as shown alongside.

Hint: use the methods such as circle(), color(), begin_fill(), end_fill()

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Activity 4 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12	from turtle import * speed(0) pensize(5) color("red") goto(-100,0) begin_fill() forward(160) circle(20,90) forward(100) circle(20,90) forward(160) circle(20,90)

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24	forward(100) circle(20,90) end_fill() penup() goto(20,70) pendown() color("white") begin_fill() left(90) circle(40,360,3) end_fill() hideturtle()

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TEXT METHODS

ACTIVITIES

Understanding Text Control Methods
Demo - Labelling a Circle
Activity 1 - Colouring the House
Activity 2 - Drawing a Smiley face
Activity 3 - Check Your Understanding
Activity 4 - Drawing Sunset

5

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Text Methods

Example

write(“Hello World!”,align="center",font=("Arial",16,"normal"))

Method

Alignment of the text

String to write

Font

write() method in Python turtle module is used to write a text on the turtle canvas.

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Demo - Labelling a Circle

Write a Python program using the turtle module to insert the text ‘Circle’ as shown below.

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Demo - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8	from turtle import * pencolor("red") circle(100) penup() goto(0,100) pendown() color("blue") write("Circle", align="center", font=("Georgia",16,"bold"))

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Activity 1 - Colouring the House

Write a Python program to draw and colour a house as shown in

the image given below.

Colour the roof green
Colour the wall pink
Colour the door brown
Add a text “A house!” below the house
Use the font “Georgia” and font size 22 for the text

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Activity 1 - Solution

Code

1 2 3 4 5	from turtle import * pensize(5) penup() goto(-100,0) pendown()

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17	fillcolor("pink") begin_fill() forward(200) left(90) forward(150) left(90) forward(200) left(90) forward(150) left(90) end_fill() penup()

Set the color of the wall, fill and draw the wall.

Import the turtle module, set the pensize, set the position of the turtle

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Activity 1 - Solution (cont.)

Set the position to draw the door, select the color to fill the door, then draw and fill the door

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30	goto(-20,0) pendown() fillcolor("brown") begin_fill() left(90) forward(80) right(90) forward(40) right(90) forward(80) end_fill() left(90) penup()

Set the position to draw the door, select the color to fill the door, then draw and fill the door

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Activity 1 - Solution (cont.)

Set the position to draw the roof, select the color to fill the roof, then draw and fill the roof.

Add text ‘A house’ using write() method.

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43	goto(-130,150) pendown() fillcolor("green") begin_fill() forward(260) goto(0,200) goto(-130,150) penup() end_fill() penup() goto(0,-40) color("blue") write("A house!",align="center",font=("Georgia",22))

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Activity 2 - Drawing a Smiley Face

Write a Python program using the turtle module to draw a smiley face as shown below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11	from turtle import * # Set up the turtle speed(2) # Draw the face penup() fillcolor("yellow") goto(0, -100) pendown() begin_fill() circle(100) end_fill()

Code

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Activity 2 - Solution (cont.)

Output →

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25	# Draw the eyes penup() fillcolor("black") goto(-30, 20) pendown() begin_fill() circle(15) end_fill() penup() goto(30, 20) pendown() begin_fill() circle(15) end_fill()

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33	# Draw the smile penup() goto(-50, -40) pendown() right(60) circle(60, 120) # Hide the turtle hideturtle()

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Activity 3 - Check your understanding

Write the answers for the following questions in your notebook.

How would you lift the pen in the turtle module to allow the turtle to move without drawing?

a) raisepen() b) penup()

c) pen_up() d) lift_pen()

How can you set the turtle's speed to the maximum in the turtle module?

a) set_speed("fastest") b) speed("fastest")

c) max_speed() d) turbo_mode()

The size (width, height) method sets the title of the turtle graphics window. (True/False)

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Activity 3 - Check your understanding(Cont.)

4. Which method sets the pen color in the Turtle module?

a) set_pen_color("color") b) pensize(width)

c) pencolor("color") d) set_color("color")

5. The method that sets the background color of the turtle graphics window is bgcolor("_____"). (Fill in the blanks)

6. The forward(distance) method can be used to go backward by using a distance. (True/False)

color

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Activity 4 - Drawing Sunset

Observe the given art carefully and recreate it in Python program using the turtle module.

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Activity 4 Solution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14	from turtle import* title("Sunset") shape("turtle") bgcolor("cyan") begin_fill() color("yellow") left(90) circle(75, 180) end_fill() home() begin_fill() color("blue") forward(200) forward(200)

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28	right(90) forward(200) right(90) forward(400) right(90) forward(200) right(90) forward(200) end_fill() home() penup() goto(0,130) pendown() write("Sunset",font=("Impact",30))

Code

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Turtle is a built-in module for drawing graphics in Python.
There are two ways to import turtle: import turtle and from turtle import *
We can customize turtle window using setup(x, y), title(" "), shape("turtle"), bgcolor("color"), showturtle(), hideturtle() methods.
We can manage drawing on turtle with forward(), backward(), left(), and right(), penup(), pendown(), and customize pen attributes.
The write( ) method is used to insert text on the turtle canvas.
The immediate visual feedback in turtle can make programming more engaging and intuitive, especially for younger learners or those new to coding.

Key Points

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བཀྲིན་ཆེ།

THANK YOU

January 2024

PYTHON

Key stage IV

Class IX