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May 2024 Helio Storm

Gannon Storm, 2024 Mother’s Day Storm

Timing

Start date: 2024-05-08 End date: 2024-05-16

Geospace Time Period: 2024-05-TP-02 (2024-05-10T00:00:00Z to 2024-05-16T00:00:00Z)

Timelines

Propagation through Heliosphere

Impact on Geospace

Indices

Global Characteristics,

Simulations

Observations

Interpretations

Publications

Presentations

Model-Data Comparisons

Citizen Science Projects

Narrative: Multiple flares and CMEs, mild radiation ………

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Citizen Science Projects

List of public participation initiatives

Other Portals

Links to external resources

HelioStories

Interpretations

Scientific insights, summaries

Presentations

List of scientific presentation

Publications

List of scientific publications

Model-Data Comparisons

Validation of existing modeling results

Observations

Data visualization from various repositories

Simulations

List of simulations at CCMC and from other sources

Indices, Global Characteristics

Time series of geomagnetic indices and more

Impact on Geospace

Earth’s magnetosphere, radiation belts, aurora and more

Propagation through Heliosphere

Overview of solar wind traveling through space???

May 2024 Helio Storm

Gannon Storm, 2024 Mother’s Day Storm

Timing

Start date: 2024-05-08 End date: 2024-05-16

Geospace Time Period: 2024-05-TP-02 (2024-05-10T00:00:00Z to 2024-05-16T00:00:00Z)

Timelines

Origins at the Sun

Solar flares, magnetograms, sunsport

Studies, Teams,

Focused Groups

List of group research activities

Galery

Movies, Images, Illustrations

Narrative: Multiple flares and CMEs, mild radiation ………

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HelioStories�

Great Red Auroras, STEVEs, Visible SAR arcs
Active Region Nests
Stealth CME, Coronal Hole Effects
Windsock to Alfven Wings
Backside Solar Eruptions – Planetary Impacts
When Auroral Electric Fields Reach the Equator
Merging of Auroral and Equatorial Phenomena
Extreme Heating of the Upper Atmosphere

Janet Kozyra

[understandable to general public]

Action: tell your Heliostory

(upload to Portal planning folder)

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Some compelling science topics posed by storms during approach to Solar Cycle Maximum 25.��Others?

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🔴 Great Red Aurora viewed from New Caledonia (-26.4^o) & Puerto Rico (+27.2^oMLAT) – Note: Started at superstorm onset not peak. Time lapse in Tasmania shows < half–hour lifetime and multiple onsets. All new

🟢🔵🟣 Red aurora observed from unusually low MLATs (i.e., CA, NM, NC, and FL)

🟣 Red auroras observed in Europe that lasted only 5-15 min before fading in association with narrow peaks in storm intensity.

🔴🟢🔵🟣 Visible (?) SAR Arcs.

🟢🔵 STEVEs observed; 🟣 SAR-arc transitioning to a STEVE (or being replaced by one).

Extreme Storms (min Dst)

🟢 23-24 Mar 2023 (-170nT)

🔵 23-24 April 2023 (-178,

-233 nT)

🟣 5-6 Nov 2023 (-189 nT)

🔴 10-11 May 2024 (-412 nT) Superstorm

Mars SEP Event

🟥 20 May 2024

New Insights into the sources of Great Red Auroras, STEVEs, SAR-Arcs

Effects of exceptionally strong electric fields penetrating into mid-to-equatorial latitudes

🔴 GOLD observations show equatorial ionization crest (EIA) merged with the southern auroral zone – Never seen before. Implies a powerful electric field & major reconfiguration of the ionosphere. Note: During flip in IMF BY and low mach # solar wind interval

🔵 GOLD shows northern EIA moved poleward to 35^o MLAT; plasma bubbles reached 4000 km altitude Unusually strong mid-to-equatorial electric fields driven simultaneously by multi-storm-time mechanisms – Not explainable by present models

🔴 🟣 🔵 Strong electric field penetration to low latitudes - 🟢 result of sharp decrease in SW Pdyn. (low density flux rope)

Major SEP Event at Mars on 20 May 2024 caused by the same AR as 🔴 but ½ solar rotation later

Low Mach solar wind

Solar Sources of Extreme Activity

🟢 🔵 Interacting with sub-Alfvenic solar wind, bow shock disappears, magnetosphere exposed directly to the cold unshocked CME plasma & strong magnetic field. Magnetosphere transforms from windsock shape to having wings connected to Sun

🔴 AR Nest (multiple solar rotations). 6 CMEs were hurled toward Earth by giant sunspot AR3664. Question arises did CMEs coalesce to greatly enhance geoeffectiveness in producing an extreme space weather event

🟢🔵🟣 Filament eruptions including stealth CME

🟥 Order of magnitude larger than any previously observed Mar’s GLE events.

What causes these events to fill the entire heliosphere & what processes accelerate them?

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Active Region Nests

Special Features

Janet Kozyra

Anomalous ITM Behavior

Great Red Auroras

Filament Eruptions & Coronal Hole Effects

Low Mach Number Solar Wind

Action: upload your suggestions for “Special Features”, “Science Topics”

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Storm Quantifiers

1989

Dst: 1972 & forward from Kyoto Univ, 1921 from Love at al. (2019);

1872 from Hayakawa et al. (2023)

Include Great Old Storms

Put recent storms into historic context

May 2024

Extreme Storm Discussion GIC Workshop, 23 October 2024, (D. Knipp & B. Waghule)

Dst ~ Ring current energy estimate from 4 widely spaced ground observatories

Dst estimates energy in ring current system

Aug 1972

Feb1872

May 1921

Mar 1989

Delores Knipp

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Linking papers to the Great Heliostorm portal with SciX

SciX (https://scixplorer.org/) is the rebranded ADS (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/ ) which now includes Heliophysics and Space Weather.
SciX has expertise in applying natural language processing to search for entities in the full text of scientific papers.
SciX could mine papers for mentions of magnetic storms, “Special features” tag these and link them to the portal. Then, for every storm in the portal, there could be a backwards link to all literature that talks about this storm or special feature.

Anna Kelbert

Actions:

Provide paper listings assembled by Sandro to Anna (SciX)
Work with authors to upload Presentations to Zenodo and generate DOIs

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Interconnecting databases. Facilitating model-data comparisons.

We will need to come up with a metadata format including a controlled vocabulary of variables (quantities/parameters) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary )
Take advantage the Scientific Variable Ontology (SVO, https://scientificvariablesontology.org/ ) and the Basic Modeling Interface (BMI, https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/BMI ).
Action: Create a list of real-time timelines (ISWA, SWxTREC, NOAA/NCEI) of observed and simulated data, that can be characterized by a parameter/variable, location and resource.

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Join the S2G-01 Action Team https://iswat-cospar.org/s2g-01

and contribute to building a Portal for Great Helio Storms.

All S2G-01 members will be invited to upcoming virtual discussions