To investigate changes of state
Science - Particles
Miss Pollock
Key principles
The I do phase involves the explanation - indicates where a teacher would be explaining and modelling a concept.
Moving from I do to We do involves guided practice - moving from teacher-led instruction to student-led practice.
Check for Understanding - Formative instruction questions, posed to check whether students have understood and to inform next instructional steps.
You do - Practice - indicates places where students will attempt questions independently.
At the expected level for the lesson; all students should be able to do these questions.
A small increase in difficulty from the expected level, eg larger numbers or a more complex calculation.
Extension - increased difficulty; suitable for a small number of students.
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I
CfU
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Support - support materials, such as additional templates or questions with fewer steps.
Engagement icons - to go in top right corner
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Whiteboard response
All students respond to the teacher’s question, showing their responses at the same time.
Non-volunteers
The teacher asks a question, gives wait time, then calls on individual students to respond.
Written response
Students respond to a prompt in a template, their exercise book or booklet.
Pair share
Students discuss with the person next to them.
Choral response
Students respond orally all together.
Thumbs up, thumbs down
Students indicate whether they agree or disagree with a statement, or whether something is an example or non-example.
Concrete materials
Teacher might choose to illustrate this teaching point using concrete materials.
Class discussion or activity
Students discuss as a class and share ideas
Calculator
Students will need a calculator to perform the task on this slide.
Spreadsheet
Students will need access to spreadsheet software to perform the task on this slide.
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Exercise book or paper
Pencil
Image credit: Pixabay
In this lesson, you will need:
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Starter quiz
Recap previous lessons
Melting point and boiling point data
Plot secondary data
Exit quiz
Keywords
Melting: is when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
Melting point: is the temperature at which a solid substance turns into a liquid (melts).
Boiling: is when a liquid becomes a gas.
Boiling point: is the temperature at which a substance boils.
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Recap of previous lesson
Boiling
Boiling is when a liquid becomes a gas - remember, this is evaporation!
Evaporation happens so quickly that bubbles of gas form in the liquid and the gas escapes as the bubbles burst at the top of the surface.
During boiling, the entire substance is heated.
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Credit: Pixabay
Melting
Melting is when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. This happens when heat is transferred or applied to the solid.
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Credit: Pixabay
Solids and liquids
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Melting
Solid
Liquid
Credit: Free SVG
Liquids and gases
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Boiling/
evaporation
Liquid
Gas
Credit: Free SVG
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Melting point
Melting
Melting is when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. This happens when heat is transferred or applied to the solid.
Melting point is the temperature at which a solid substance turns into a liquid (melts).
The melting point of water is 0°C.
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Credit: Pixabay
What is the melting point of the chocolate?
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Credit: Pixabay
Temperature | State |
15°C | Solid |
25°C | Solid |
45°C | Liquid |
50°C | Liquid |
55°C | Solid |
CfU
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Boiling point
Boiling point
The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance boils. The boiling point of water is 100°C.
It can also be thought of as the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas.
A liquid will stay at its boiling point until all liquid has transformed into gas.
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Boiling points change when above sea level
As you move away from the earth’s surface or go above sea level, the air gets thinner and the air pressure gets lower.
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Sea level
Above sea level
Credit: Free SVG
Point to sea level and above sea level on your screen
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Sea level
Above sea level
Credit: Free SVG
CfU
Boiling points change when above sea level
If you were climbing a huge mountain and wanted to boil some water for noodles at the very top of the mountain, the water would boil around
70°C rather than 100°C.
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Credit: Free SVG
Fill in the blanks
Melting point = solid
Boiling point = liquid
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Liquid
Gas
CfU
What is the melting and boiling point of water?
Melting point = 0°C
Boiling point = 100°C
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CfU
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Melting and boiling point data
Melting and boiling points of water
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Temperature °C
140°C
-30°C
-10°C
0°C
20°C
40°C
60°C
80°C
100°C
120°C
160°C
180°C
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Melting point
Boiling point
Melting and boiling point of water
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Substance | Melting point (°C) | Boiling point (°C) |
Water | 0 | 100 |
Identify the column for melting and boiling point
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Substance | _________ point (°C) | _________ point (°C) |
Water | 0 | 100 |
CfU
Identify the column for melting and boiling point
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Substance | Melting point (°C) | Boiling point (°C) |
Water | 0 | 100 |
CfU
Table salt
Melting point: 804°C Boiling point: 1413°C
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Temperature | State of matter | Reason |
22°C (room temperature) | Solid | Table salt is a solid until it melts at 804°C and becomes a liquid. |
805°C | Liquid | Table salt’s melting point is 804°C, so it is a liquid when it reaches above 804°C. |
3000°C | Gas | Table salt’s boiling point is 1413°C, so at any temperature above 1413°C it will be a gas. |
Develop a reason for why each state of matter belongs to each temperature for iron.
Melting point: 1535°C Boiling point: 2750°C
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Temperature | State of matter | Reason |
22°C (room temperature) | Solid | |
1550°C | Liquid | |
3000°C | Gas | |
CfU
Develop a reason for why each state of matter belongs to each temperature for iron.
Melting point: 1535°C Boiling point: 2750°C
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Temperature | State of matter | Reason |
22°C (room temperature) | Solid | Iron is a solid until it melts at 1535°C |
1550°C | Liquid | Iron’s melting point is 1535°C |
3000°C | Gas | Iron’s boiling point is 2750°C |
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Plotting melting and boiling point data
Components of a graph
Title
Y axis
X axis
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Temperature °C
100°C
0°C
-100°C
Heating curve of water
Time
Plotting the boiling point and melting point of water
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Temperature °C
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Time
100°C
0°C
-100°C
Boiling point
Melting point
Has the student plotted the melting and boiling point of iron correctly?
Melting point: 804°C
Boiling point: 1413°C
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Temperature °C
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Time
1450°C
804°C
0°C
Boiling point
Melting point
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To investigate changes of state: worksheet
You can use the optional graph template and the sentence starters. However, if you are feeling up to the challenge, ignore the sentence starters and graph template.
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Worksheet Answers
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Temperature °C
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Time
800°C
400°C
0°C
Boiling point
Melting point
Heating curve for potassium
Using the particle model explain why the melting point of potassium is 63.5°C and its boiling point is 758.8°C.
The melting point of potassium is 63.5°C because this is the temperature where it changes from a solid to a liquid. When it is a solid, the particles are close together and the particles are highly attracted to each other; however, when it reaches its melting point, the particles are far away from each other as they lose attraction. At its boiling point, it changes state from liquid to gas as the particles lose more attraction and become spread apart even further from each other.
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Starter quiz
Recap previous lessons
Melting point and boiling point data
Plot secondary data
Exit quiz
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