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Internet Access�- draft -

2020/2021

Chon, Kilnam

전길남

2019.12.25rev2021.3.21

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Table of Contents

  1. History and Current Status
  2. Infrastructure
  3. Technologies under Development
  4. Universal Services
  5. Accessibility for DisabilityAccess
  6. Restrictions
  7. Surveillance

References

​

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1. History and Current Status

1.1 Number of Users: Internet and Mobile Phones

1.2 Access Devices; Computers, Smartphones/Tablet, IoT

1.3 Access Charges; (broadband charge, *G charges)

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2. Infrastructure

2.1 Fiber (+ wire)

2.2 Cable

2.3 Wireless - *G

2.4 Wireless – WiFi

2.5 Satellite

2.6 TV Spectrum (White Space)

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3. Technologies under Development

3.1 Low-Orbital Satellites

3.2 Drone

3.3 TV Spectrum (White Space)

3.4 6G

3.5 Optical Fiber

3.6 “Advanced WiFi”

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3.1 Low-Orbital Satellite (Constallation)

Space X/Starlink, Amazon, OneWeb, Telesat

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Reference: Elon Musk and Amazon are battling to put Satellite Internet� on your backyard, WSJ, 2021.3.20.

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4. Universal Service

4.1 Overview

4.2 Issues

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5. Accessibility for Disability

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6. Access Restrictions

6.1 Limited Access

SG, KR, CN,…

6.2 Shutdown --- no 24*7 access – (eCommerce)

South Asia (IN, LK, BD, PK,…)

South East Asia

West Asia and Others

6.3 Separation/Fragmentation

Russia

Others

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7. Surveillance

7.1 Developed Countries

7.2 Developing Countries

7.3 Surveillance Capitalism (Zuboff)

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8. Remarks and Issues

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References

Amazon, Project Kuiper. Amazon plans to launch a constellation of more than 3,000 internet satellites.  

Chinese Internet Company, Linksure, hopes to delvier free Internet service by 2026, 2018.11.

Kilnam Chon, Internet access for last billion, 2017.

Estonian Government, Universal Service (E-stonia).

Facebook, Drone Project, Wired Magazine, 2016.11.10

Google, Loon Project, Caching Project, and Leased Line to National Gateway.

 MIT Technology Review, China is racing ahead in 5G, 2018.12.

MIT Technology Review, Ready for 6G? How AI will shape the network of the future, 2019.4.23.

Elon Musk Is Going To Give Free WiFi To The Entire World, 2019.4.23.

OneWeb raises $1.25 billion to mass-produce high-speed internet satellites, 2019.3.

South Korean Government, Universal Service.

UN Broadband Commission, "1 for 2", 2018.  [also in A4AI]

S. Zuboff, Surveillance Capitalism, 2018.