1 of 16

Elements and Compounds

Kalam Kudus Christian School

Chemistry IGCSE

Mr. Markus

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

1 of 14

IGCSE

2 of 16

gold

silver

helium

oxygen

mercury

hydrogen

sodium

nitrogen

niobium

neodymium

chlorine

carbon

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

2 of 14

IGCSE

3 of 16

Every substance is either an element or a compound.

Elements are the simplest form of matter.

Elements are the building blocks for all other substances.

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

3 of 14

IGCSE

4 of 16

ELEMENTS

  • Simple pure substances
  • all atoms the same
  • can’t be divided/broken/decomposed by physical or chemical means
  • some in free state but most combined with other elements

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

4 of 14

IGCSE

5 of 16

substances

Pure substances

mixtures

elements

compounds

hetero

homo

metal

nonmetal

ionic

molecular

alloys

solutions

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

5 of 14

IGCSE

6 of 16

Symbols

All elements have their own unique symbol.

It can consist of a single capital letter, or a capital letter and one or two lower case letters.

C

Carbon

Cu

Copper

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

6 of 14

IGCSE

7 of 16

Classification of elements

  1. Classification by state

elements are classified by their physical state at room temp.

of the 92 naturally elements, 11 are gases, 2 are liquids (Hg, Br2), 79 are solid

​

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

7 of 14

IGCSE

8 of 16

Classification of elements

2. Classification of elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids

​

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

8 of 14

IGCSE

9 of 16

Properties of Metals

  1. They usually solids, except mercury (liquid)
  2. High melting point & boiling point
  3. Usually hard & dense
  4. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  5. Metals are grey, except gold and copper)
  6. Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires).
  7. Metals are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets).
  8. A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

9 of 14

IGCSE

10 of 16

Properties of Non-Metals

  1. Usually solids & gasses except Bromine (liquid at room temp)
  2. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
  3. Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.
  4. Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily.
  5. Low melting/boiling point
  6. Most of non-metals softer than metal, they have low density

Sulfur

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

10 of 14

IGCSE

11 of 16

Properties of Metalloids

  1. Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals.
  2. They are solids that can be shiny or dull.
  3. They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.
  4. They are ductile and malleable.

Silicon

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

11 of 14

IGCSE

12 of 16

Classification of elements

3. Classification of elements as in the Periodic Table

elements are classified by their physical state at room temp.

of the 92 naturally elements, 11 are gases, 2 are liquids (Hg, Br2), 79 are solid

​

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

12 of 14

IGCSE

13 of 16

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

13 of 14

IGCSE

14 of 16

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

14 of 14

IGCSE

15 of 16

What are Elements Made of?

An element consist of a particular type of atom

Atoms of one element are different from the atopms of any other element.

In some elements, atoms are joined with other atoms in small groups (molecules) : Cl2, Br2, O2, H2, I2, P4, S8

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

15 of 14

IGCSE

16 of 16

Chem-Mark

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Elements & Compounds

>

Slide

16 of 14

IGCSE